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19:Tcde,ひたすら多読するのが一番の近道だと思います。記述で少しずつ落としてしまうのは、少し文構造を取り間違えたり、単語や熟語を知らなかったりするからですが、これに対する特効薬のようなものは無く、ただ沢山の長文に触れ、学び、慣れていく他ないと思います。残された時間が少なく焦ってしまうとは思いますが、根気よくやっていくしかありません。

英語は、①単語②文法③解釈④長文⑤英作の5つをこの順にやるのが良いと言われることが多いです。ただ①、②を完璧にすることは不可能なので、何となくできてきたら次に進むのが良いと思います。質問者さんが高校三年生であることを考えると、解釈または長文をするのがいいと思います(同時並行で英作をやるのもアリ)。問題集としては、基礎英文問題精講、基礎長文問題精講をおすすめします。

説明問題は、適当な部分を見つけて訳す問題、すなわち英文和訳の問題に帰着されるとよく言われます。説明問題に対処するためには、まず英文を訳せるようにならなければなりません。英文を訳すためには、丁寧に文構造をとる練習が必要なので、基礎英文問題精講など英文解釈系の問題集を1冊やっておくのがいいと思います。丁寧に文構造をとることで、少しずつ点を落としてしまうことを減らすことが出来ます。その後、身についた英文解釈の力を活かすべく、基礎長文問題精講などの問題集で英文和訳に慣れるのがおすすめです。

一橋大学の過去問をやっていないならば1年分やってみるといいと思います。英作に自信が無いなら長文の問題である大問1(年によって大問2も)だけでもやってみると、自分の苦手なところや、ケアレスミスをしがちなところ、思わず雑に訳してしまうところなどを確認することが出来ると思います。解答はできれば他人にみてもらうのがいいですが、もし出来ないならば自己採点をするのが良いと思います。自己採点する際、自分で解答の要素を区切って細かく見ていくのがおすすめです。実際、模試や入試の採点者は機械的に要素採点をしていることが多いそうです。

ちなみに、解答で意訳しすぎているような問題集、参考書がありますが、そのように全てを意訳する必要はなく、学校で習ったような意訳(無生物主語など)以外は直訳で減点されることはあまりないです。不自然な日本語でも、自分が文構造を分かっているという証明になるのでそのまま書くべきです。前述のように要素採点なので、どの日本語がどの英語の部分に対応しているのか分かりにくい場合、減点されるかも知れません。

もし余裕があるなら、一橋大学以外の大学の過去問をやってみるのもいいと思います。阪大や京大の和訳問題は良い問題が多いです。1b:Tbe2,まず英文和訳についてです。

英文和訳のレベルによりますが，とにかく慣れるしかありません。
和訳のセンスというのは数多くの文章を慣れ親しむことでしかつけられないものです。

しかし質問者様は「たくさん問題を解く」などと言う当たり前でありふれたことはわかっており、求めていないと思いますので，そうした中でどうしたら和訳のセンスがつくのか？
ということを説明します。
以下例文です。
Shoot enough times and you'll hit something.
「十分な回数ためしなさい。そしたら何かしら当てられるよ」
という訳をつけても良いのですが，
「数撃ちゃ当たるだろう」
という訳をつけられるようになるのが最終的な目標でしょう。

和訳というのは和語に一つ一つ訳すことです。

課題文の単語の意味を一つ一つ考えて，それをうまく繋げ合わせて訳にすればいい。

もちろん単語力があることは前提です。
その単語力や文法力の土台の上で、一つ一つの訳を考えれば間違うはずもありません。

そして良い訳を作るには
英単語の「日本語訳」ではなく「意味」を把握できるようになるしかないです。

enough⇒十分な
ではなく
enough⇒なんかめっちゃ大きくて足りてる
みたいなイメージを持つということです。

このことを留意しながら，沢山の和訳をすれば自然と和訳力は付きますよ。

結論，単語の意味ではなくイメージに則って，一つ一つを和訳に反映させれば間違えません。
試験中に，この英単語は訳のどこに対応しているのか見返せば良いと思います。
これで外した場合，単語力や文法に支障があるので、その2つの復習をするべきかもしれません。


次に説明問題です。
極論、英語の長文問題の全訳がわかれば，どの説明問題でも解けます。
東大の過去問でも，英語の説明問題は，全訳を見てから考えると小学生レベルになるからです。
一度，自分で全訳解答を見てから，模試の説明問題とかを考えてみてください。
小学生レベルの現代文に落ち着きます。

よって，英語長文の和訳の力をつければ，自然と説明問題も解けるようになる。ということです。

説明問題の書き方とかがわからないという場合は，英語長文の要約をやってみて下さい。
要約は論旨の把握とコンパクトな説明が求められるので，1番効率的に読解力と説明力がつきます。


英語の和訳ができるようになれば，自然と説明問題の力もつきますよ！
まだまだ春です。時間はいくらでもある。
僕は一橋法学部落ちたので，僕の仇を討ってくれることを期待しています。2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=NVJ_zIEBTqPwDZPuCJ_8","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"２次試験の英語に関する質問です。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between mb-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"text-left text-xs text-caption","children":["クリップ(",4,") コメント(",0,")"]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-right text-xs text-caption","children":"7/5 12:54"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark 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1A2B、英語、地理B、倫政\n理科基礎(物基・化基)\n\n〈合格実績〉\n大阪大学経済学部、早稲田大学社会科学部(数学受験)\n\nもともと理系だったので数3、物理、化学も勉強していました。\nホームには自分が使ってよかった参考書や勉強法を書き込んでます。よかったら参考にしてみてください。あくまで個人的主観によるものなので成績を上げることを保証するものではないことに注意してください。"}]}],["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://ck.jp.ap.valuecommerce.com/servlet/referral?sid=3364577&pid=884970531&vc_url=http%3A%2F%2Fshingakunet.com%2F%3Fvos%3Dnrmnvccp0000100","rel":"nofollow","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/document_request_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink パンフレットバナー画像","className":"mt-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"pt-4","children":["$","$L17",null,{"id":"adsbygoogle-init-under-advice"}]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between","children":[["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl 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mb-1","children":"こんにちは。ご相談ありがとうございます。\nぜひ、大阪大学に来て頂きたいものです笑\nご存知とは思いますが、大阪大学の英語には和文英訳や英文和訳が含まれています。私が受験した時に(難化の年でした)英語は8割5分取っていましたので、参考になればと思います。\nまず英文和訳ですがこれは英文解釈の技術100を使うといいと思います。また、単語力の不足の可能性もありますので単語を見直してみてください。どんなに一文が長くとも、主語述語を的確に抑えることがポイントです。,or…のように、文の中でこの組み合わせが出てきたらこれを意味する、という決まったルールがありますのでその確認もしてみて下さい。\n次に和文英訳の問題についてですが、これは日本語を直訳する必要はありません。と言うよりむしろ、直訳でない方がいいパターンも多いです。訳し方が分からない日本語は、別の簡単な言葉に言い換える(この時関係代名詞が活躍します)ことがポイントです。苦手の程度が分からないので私が意識していることを共有してみました。\n回答は以上になります。応援しています！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 4-4-1.79-4-4-4zm0 10c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英文を意味の通った日本語に訳すことができない"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"勉強お疲れ様です。\n\n単語を知っていて、文法も理解しているのに意味不明な日本語訳を作ってしまうと原因としては、現代文が苦手ということが考えられます。そもそも日本語の意味がよく分かっておらず、英語から訳してみたところで、自分でかみ砕けないのかなと。\nもしそうであれば、英単語を少しわかりやすい日本語に変えることをお勧めします。このやり方は私が受験生の時に、塾の先生から教わりました。簡単な例を出すと、例えば「画一的な雰囲気のある」というより、「同じような雰囲気のある」と訳したほうが、ちゃんと理解できている感じがありませんか？単語帳に載っている日本語訳ってどうしても固いというか、漢語調なことが多いので、自分なりに変形してみるのも効果的だと思います。また、もし結構な英語力があるなら、英英辞典を利用してみるのも一つの手です！割と易しめの英語で構成されていることが多い(難しい単語を使って説明すると、それもまた調べなくてはいけない)ので、英語力もつき一石二鳥かもしれません！\n少しでもお役に立てたらうれしいです。応援しています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英作文 和文英訳"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"　こんにちは！僕がやっていた英作文の勉強を紹介します。少しでも役に立てたら嬉しいです。\n　まず英作文は、基本的な問題は別として、満点を狙いに行くものではないです。全部を完璧に訳そうとすると、使ってはいけない組み合わせで単語を使ってしまうことがあるので、大体の意味が同じならOKくらいで考えましょう！\n　和文英訳問題は、そのままでは訳しにくい日本語で出題される事が多いです。それを自分が表現できるような日本語に言い換えてから、英語で訳すといいと思います。例えば、（いやしくも映画なり音楽なりの愛好家である以上、）という日本語を英語に訳す場合に、「いやしくも」とかを正確に訳そうとすると難しくなります。　そこで、（映画や音楽を愛しているならば、）という日本語に言い換えてから、「if you love movies or music,」という英語にします。こんな感じで、日本語→簡単な日本語→英語の順で考えるようにすると良いと思います。\n　勉強法ですが、まずは知ってる表現を増やしていきましょう！先に述べた通り日本語から自分が表現できる日本語に変換しますが、知ってる表現が少ないとここが厳しくなります。単語帳とかなんでも良いので、例文を覚えていきましょう。（ちなみに僕が使っていたのは、ドラゴンイングリッシュという参考書です）　表現をある程度頭に入れたら、あとは先に述べた変換を意識しながらどんどん問題を解いていきましょう。\n　添削についてですが、できる限り添削はしてもらった方が良いかなと思います。僕も自分ではOKのつもりでも、添削で「ここまで言い換えるとニュアンスがずれる」と書かれることがありました。Z会とかで英作文のコースがあるので、できるのであれば受講することをお勧めします。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 4-4-1.79-4-4-4zm0 10c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英語 和訳"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"多くの場合、和訳の出題の意図は、\n①文構造が理解出来ているか\n②指示語の内容が理解出来ているか（「指示語をの内容を明らかにせよ」とあった場合）\n③文章の流れから、適切な和訳が導き出せるか（例えば、meansを意味と訳すか、手段と訳すか等）\nを問うことです。これらが理解出来ていることを採点者にはっきりと示せるように訳しましょう。\n\n⑴まずは和訳を指定された文だけ、丁寧に文構造の分析をしましょう。\n\n主語、動詞、補語、目的語を探す\n↓\n残りの修飾語句は意味のかたまりごとに括弧でくくる\n↓\n修飾語句がそれぞれどの語を修飾しているか見極める\n（指示語の内容が問われていれば、それも確認します。）\n\n⑵分析が出来たら、和訳をします。\n初めに主語を訳し、その後は文の後方から訳すと大抵上手くいきます。\nその際、従属節（副詞節）→主節、修飾語句→被修飾語句の順番を守りましょう。（例外あり）\n\n⑶最後に、訳出し忘れた部分がないか確認します。ガタガタな日本語になっていないかも確認しましょう。\n\n以上が基本です。\n\n例外パターンとして、\n・無生物主語の文\n    第一目的語（人称であることが多め）が主語にして訳す\n     ※論理関係が変わらないよう注意\n・関係詞節が長すぎる文\n    主文と関係詞節の文の２文に分けて訳す\n    関係詞節の文には、関係詞の指している先行詞を当てはめて訳す（上手いことやってください）\n・短すぎる文\n    SVOCや文の要素が明らかに抜けている文、短くてそれ単体ではほとんど内容の無い文、抽象度が高すぎる文、日本語にしても意味が通らない文などは、それまでの文章や文脈から言葉を補う必要がある場合がある\n\nなどがあります。が、この辺りにはあまり神経質にならなくて大丈夫です。\n\n以上です。これで、大体の和訳問題は解けるのではないでしょうか。慶應文の和訳問題は、抽象的な単語の意味を掴むのが難しかった印象です（違っていたらすみません）が、無理して美しい和訳をしようとせず、まずは基本を押さえることを念頭に置いてください。\n\n長文失礼いたしました。分からないところがあれば、質問してください。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 4-4-1.79-4-4-4zm0 10c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 4v2h16v-2c0-2.66-5.33-4-8-4z","children":[]}]]],"style":{"color":"$undefined"},"height":16,"width":16,"xmlns":"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs","children":["慶應義塾大学法学部"," 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英語直訳で理解できない"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"英語長文を満足に読み切って設問にもバチっと答えるためには、英語力も国語力（日本語力）も両方必要です。\n\n\n「直訳で訳しても何を言っているのかわからなくな」るということは、この点においては英語力に課題がありそうです。\n→一度辞書や文法書をフル活用して訳を書き切ってみて、その後で解答・解説の全訳と見比べてみて、どの部分の訳が出来ていなかったのか確認しましょう。その際、自力で訳せなかった単語や文法は必ずメモしておき、次には訳せるようにしておきましょう。\n\n\n「日本語を書いていくと7割くらいは理解でき」るということは、後の3割は国語力でカバーする必要がありますね。\n（訳し方が間違っている可能性もありますが。）\n→これについては、訳すときに一文一文に細かく目を向け過ぎて、全体の論理構造を捉え切れていない可能性が高かろうと思われます。\n→ここは一つ、「段落」に着目してみましょう。現代文でもそうですが、意味もなく適当に段落分けされているわけではありません。論理に区切りをつけるためです。\nなので、その段落は大まかにどういう内容だったのか、\n前後の段落とどう繋がっているのか、\n文章全体の中でどのような役割を持っているのか、\nなどを都度都度考えながら読んでいくと良いでしょう。\n\n\n最後に、長文への慣れの話ですが、個人的には音読は不要だと思っています。何かのテストでリスニングをやるならやってもいいかなという程度です。\n→音読よりも、一文一文を正確に解釈するミクロな読解と、全体の論理構成を掴むマクロな読解を使いこなす練習をひたすら繰り返したほうが力はつくと思います。なので、一つの文章でも色々な読み方ができるので、たくさん反復練習をして下さい。その際、しっかり全訳や解説が書かれている教材でやると良いでしょう。\n\n\n訳をしっかり書けるようになれば、その内辞書を使わずとも訳せるようになり、さらにはわざわざ訳さなくても頭の中で英文のまま意味を掴めるようになります。辛抱強く頑張りましょう。何か分からないことがあったらまた相談して下さい。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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mb-1","children":"まずは一度普段解いている長文を全て日本語に訳してノートに書いてみましょう。この全訳の出来次第で、今後取るべき勉強方法が変わってきます。\n\n\n①辞書や文法書などを見ないと日本語が書けない\nこれは読めているようで実は読めてないことの証左になってしまいます。なので訳せなかった部分の単語や文法は必ず解説を見て確認し、その都度覚えるようにして下さい。また、単語帳や文法の問題集などもいつも以上に時間を割いて演習する必要が出てきます。\n\n\n②訳はわりとスラスラ書ける\n訳を書けるということは内容はほぼ完璧に理解できているということです。にも関わらず設問が解けないとなると、単に解き慣れてないか、効率の悪い解き方をしてしまっている可能性が高いです。以下に設問を解く際のポイントを挙げてみるので、参考にしてみてください。\n\n⑴設問に先に目を通す\nこれは国語でも同じですね。文章の内容にいきなり突入するんではなく、どんなことが聞かれるのか先に知ってから読んでいった方が遥かに効率がいいです。\nただ、選択肢から選ぶタイプの問題は、その選択肢の中身までは読まない方がいいと個人的には思っています。例えば四つから正しい内容のものを一つ選ぶ問題だったとして、他三つは違う内容なわけですから、先にそっちを読んでしまうと本文を正確に読めなくなってしまいます。\n\n⑵段落ごとに読んでみる\n本文の読み方として、全部一気に読むのではなく、段落ごとに、読解と設問の処理を繰り返します。こうすることで解ける設問を早めに潰しながら読んでいけるので、正答率とスピードを共にあげられます。\n\n⑶段落ごとに内容をまとめる\n⑵と少し被りますが、内容整理の観点から、段落ごとに何が論じられていたのか短くまとめながら読んでいくといいかもしれません。最後の方まで読むと、最初に書いてあった内容を忘れてしまいがちですが、段落ごとに内容をまとめることによって、もし忘れてしまってもあとで手早く読み返せます。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"意訳のコツとは？"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは！東北大学文学部のkitaです！\nお答えさせて頂きます！\n\n自分も、最初のころ参考書の答えを見て、なぜこんなに意訳ができるの？、どこまで意訳をしていいの？、などと思った経験があります。それを踏まえて、お伝え出来たらいいなと思います。\n\nまず、個人の考えとしては、量をこなしても自然にできるようにはならないと思います。\n例えば、使役動詞の\n無生物S+V+O+C\nという、英文が出た時に、多くの高校生は\n「sがoをcさせる｣などと、訳します。\n例で言うと、事故が私を遅らせた、みたいな感じです。訳としてかなり不自然ですよね。\n\nでも、ある情報を知っている高校生は、このように訳します。\n「sによって、oがcする」\n例としては、\n事故によって、私は遅れた\n→事故のせいで、私は遅れた\n\n多くの人は、最初に頭の中で、事故が私を遅らせた、のような訳を作り、それを上手く日本語にしようとします。\nしかし、第5文型が「sによって、oがcする」という情報を知っている人は、一瞬で自然な日本語に訳せます。\n\nこれは、訳す時以外にも、長文を読むスピードが圧倒的に変わります。\n\nこのように、1回情報を知れば、次出てきたら簡単に自分の訳に生かせると思います。\n\n参考書のとしては、\n関先生の「大学入試世界一わかりやすい英文読解の特別講座」をおすすめします。僕自身、この参考書に出会って、英語が好きになりました。\n\nballoonさんの目標が達成されることをお祈りしています。頑張ってください！！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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