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1c:Tc22,初めまして。
答えさせていただきます。

まず、

英語長文の和訳の意味がわからない

これはあるあるです。
みんな言ってましたし英語教師も難関校の内容は日本語すら難しいと仰っていました。

そして小説は読めるけれど評論は読めない。


原因は読解力ではなく背景知識不足かと思われます。

現代文はテンプレがあります。
私も受験勉強始めた頃は問題以前に文章が全くもって理解不能ということがめちゃくちゃありましたが、受験期には あー、そのパターンね と思いながら解けるようになりました。
テンプレについては1番下に書いておくのでよければ参照してください。

現代文ワード集などに手をつけてみるとかなり変わると思います。
私のおすすめは、有名ではありませんが Gakken 現代文読解のテーマとキーワード です。
ネットにページが載っていますし、書店に行って見てみてください。寝る前に読むだけで背景知識が身につきます。

英語は情勢に関する基礎知識が必要かと思います。
少子高齢化や差別、教育や世界史などです。
苦手なジャンルをメモして特徴を掴めると改善に繋がるかもしれません。


また、長文を振り返ってみると何の話だったか忘れるというのも非常にあるあるだと思います。

段落ごとに少し要約を書いておくことをおすすめします。
訳や解説を見た時に、その部分が理解できていたかわかりますし。

理系国公立受験ということで教科数も多く、大変かと思われますが、現代文は分析をしっかりすることで伸びる教科だと思っています。 得意になれば忘れることもないです。
頑張ってください！！！

過去に 現代文の復習法 に回答しておりますので、良ければご覧下さい。




テンプレについて
現代文はたいてい比較です。

①現代 近代 中世 古代   
②日本 ヨーロッパ アメリカ

これらの比較が多いです。

①は、
現代は便利ですよね、でも近代、中世、古代 （のどれか）の方が実は優れていたんです。現代はその良さを忘れている。

という現代を上げて落とすパターンが多いです。

②は、

単純な国同士の比較と、日本を批判して書くパターンがあります。

どういうテーマで比較するのか、は先程のおすすめの参考書に書かれています。



余談ですが
理系の現代文の難易度を知らないのですが、
私文で難しい文章の特徴は、

比較として出てきた事柄の違いがわからず、混同してしまう。

というものです。こういう時は棒線と波線などで文章を分けて読んでいくと混同しません。


長くなりました。お力添えになればと思います。







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mb-4","children":"すべての回答者は、学生証などを使用してUniLinkによって審査された東大・京大・慶應・早稲田・一橋・東工大・旧帝大のいずれかに所属する現役難関大生です。加えて、実際の回答をUniLinkが確認して一定の水準をクリアした合格者だけが登録できる仕組みとなっています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"leading-loose whitespace-pre-wrap mb-4","children":[["$","div","advice-part-0",{"children":[null,"背景知識は特に必要ないかなと思います。\n評論だと、AI技術や少子高齢化など社会の問題に関することが出るのが定番のところもありますが、英語が読めれば背景知識はそれほど必要ではないと思います。\nただし、大問の最後にあなたの意見を書けという英作文が出ることがあるので、社会的な問題についての意見とその理由を考えながら生活するとどこかで役に立つことがあるかもしれませんね。\n大学によってはグラフなどの統計を読み取って英作文をさせるところもありますから、統計は正確に読み取れるようにしましょう。"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L16",null,{"adviserImageUrl":null,"adviserName":"バナナ","adviserDepartment":"名古屋大学教育学部","adviceId":"NErL83IBTqPwDZPuSbwn","numberOfFan":171,"clipsAvg":8.82,"adviceRateAvg":4.567476948868399,"profile":"　主に国語と英語、文系数学について答えています。マークレ\nベルなら日本史と倫理政治経済、化学基礎、生物基礎もいけます。\n　回答する際は質問者様を完全に否定しないことを意識しています。時々辛辣なことも述べますが、なるべく、良い点を見つけて、その点も踏まえてエール、アドバイスを送ります。\n　個人的にクリップ数はもちろんですが、いいねの数も参考にしています。例えば、クリップ数が1つでも、★が5ならば、たくさんの人には届いていないけど、届くべき人に届けることができたということになります。逆にクリップ数が多くても、★が2とか、1なら、もっとわかりやすく表現できたのではないかとか、色々考えさせられます。"}]}],["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://ck.jp.ap.valuecommerce.com/servlet/referral?sid=3364577&pid=884970531&vc_url=http%3A%2F%2Fshingakunet.com%2F%3Fvos%3Dnrmnvccp0000100","rel":"nofollow","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/document_request_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink 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13:18"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs whitespace-pre-wrap","children":"詳しく教えていただきありがとうございます🙇‍♂️"}]]}]]}]]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold","children":"よく一緒に読まれている人気の回答"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"divide-y","children":[["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"/advice/tW0qD4yyK30Phwva","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"flex items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"長文演習、背景知識"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"英語の長文を読む上で、背景知識は必要ありません。\nこれは声を大にして言いたいです。\n\n例えば慶應文学部で「犬がシッポを振るのと猫がシッポを振るのとで、彼らがどう考えているか」というタイトルの長文があったとします。\n\nこの時、獣医師を目指したり、家で猫や犬を飼っていたりして、動物に詳しい人ならば読まずとも答えがわかります。\nですが、多くの受験生は「犬がシッポを振る時はゴキゲンらしい」くらいしか知りませんよね？\n\nしかし、「犬は警戒心を抱いているときにもシッポを振る」という論文が最近話題になりました。\nもしあなたが予め「犬がシッポを振る時はゴキゲン」という背景知識を頼りに読んだとしても、出題された論文が「犬は警戒心を抱いているときにもシッポを振る」だったら、間違った背景知識で先入観が芽生え、読み進めるのに支障をきたす場合があります。\n\n自分のよく知っている話題が出題されたらラッキー！と捉える受験生が多いとは思います。\nしかし、大事なのは目の前にある英文です。\n英文の筆者があなたとは違う知識を持ち、主張をしていても、あなたは筆者に忠実に読まなければならないのです！\n\n大学側も、犬に詳しい受験生が欲しいわけじゃありません。\n英文を正しく読める受験生を求めています。\nそれに、入試問題に取り上げられるテーマは無限にあります。\n観念して\"英語を\"勉強してください笑\n頑張って＼＼\\٩(๑`^´๑)۶//／／"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英作文 過去問"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"英作文に限っては各大学の問題に差異はないと思います。\n\n国教の過去問に一通り触れたのはgoodです。しかし、それ以外の大学の過去問や問題集にも触れることができるのならbetterです。\n\n”様々な話題に触れることでアイディア出しの勉強になる\n”\n\nまさにその通りです。英作文において大学に境界線はありません。仰る通り、語数や条件が似た他大学の過去問や問題集を解きましょう。\n\nどんな話題がきても柔軟に対応出来るかは経験数に依存します。様々な問題に多く触れた分だけ本番で臨機応変に回答できます。私ももともと国教志望延いては英検対策のために英作文の練習をしていましたので、的確なアドバイスはできます。\n\nその上で実際に利用していた参考書を紹介します。サクラじゃないですよ。\n\n『ジャパンタイムズ英検1級英作文完全制覇』\n\nもしくは\n\n『意見･考えを論理的に述べる英語表現集』\n\nをオススメします。\n\n\n前者は、前半に分野別の話題に対して柔軟に回答できるような多種多様の”短文”集が、後半にそれらの話題から出題される実践問題集が掲載されています。（例えば、「オンライン化によるコストの低下｣、「都市化と伝統文化」、「情報の偏向」などの話題に対する短文回答、終盤に200語程度のモデルエッセイを含んだ30題の実践問題）\n\n\n後者は、政治･経済や社会問題をベースにした話題について模範となる”回答”集が16章に渡って掲載されており、回答の形式もかなりフォーマルな表現となっております。（例えば、「遺伝子操作」、「結婚と離婚」、「北朝鮮と核」などの話題に対する一連の回答）\n\n\n\n\n入試も近づいてきて時期も時期ですから買う買わないから質問者様の自由です。しかし、英作文に割く時間を確保して勉強を進めていくのならば、個人的にはぜひ触れて欲しい参考書です笑。全て終えなくても1日一題解くだけでアドバンテージになるはずですから。\n\n\n\n一応念を押しておきますが、私とこれらの参考書にはなんの関係も無いです。受験期に世話になったという理由でお勧めしているだけです。\n\n\n\nラスト１ヶ月、悔いのないように頑張ってください…！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"早稲田・文学部　英文要約について"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"お疲れ様です‼️また回答失礼しますね。\n\n要約のポイントは、\n無駄なことを書かない！\n話の核だけを抜き出すことです！\n\n無駄なこととは主に具体例です。\n話の核とはそれを加えなければ話が通じない、本筋通りにいかないものです。\n\nこれを理解できるようになるには、「論理的読解」力をつけなければなりません。\n論理的読解とは、文章の構成を理解し内容がわかることをいいます。構成を理解しているならば自分で内容を予測できる力とも言えます。\nex \n1段落目は一般論、導入、逆説してから主張、簡単な理由。\n2段落目で例や意見。\n3段落目で逆説や反対意見、例。\n4段落目でそれに対する意見や反論、データ。\n5段落目で主張の反復。\nといったくらいに受験の長文は綺麗な構成になっています。\n\n練習の段階で1度ゆっくり読んで、段落ごとに要約、そして役割を書き出してください。また、その役割を示す単語にも注意してください。(ディスコースマーカー)\n\n例えば、ButやHoweverの前後をみると、前には一般論、後ろには主張が来るとこが多いです。(特に大文字Butはほぼそう)\n\nというのも逆説をつかう利点は説得性を上げるためにあります。1度一般的な意見、みんなが信じ込んでいることを否定することで説得力を上げています。\n\nと言った具合に段落、文の役割を理解して何が重要かそうでないかを要約問題に限らず意識してみてください。\n私は要約問題がありませんでしたが、やった長文を要約していました。\n\n参考書や添削サービスですが、『英文解釈要約精巧』など人気がありそうですね。色々調べて書店で手に取ってみてください。また、個人メッセージで書いたものを送っていただければ時間の許す限りいつでも見てアドバイス出来るものはします。宜しかったらどうぞご活用ください。\n\nそれでは頑張ってください‼️"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英作文"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"東京大学2年のものです。僕も早稲田の試験を受けましたし、東大の試験でも英作文が課されていましたので少しだけアドバイスさせてください。\nやはり、英作文で大切なことは簡単に英語でかけるようなことをとにかく思い着くことです。1番やっちゃいけないのが文法のミスです。これは確実に点数が引かれますが、幼稚な内容のものでも文法ミスさえなければ基本的に点数は引かれません。(なんて東大の先生が、入試の英作文問題がいかにテキトーかを嘆いていたことが…)ですからとりあえず文法ミスだけ気をつけてください。\nあとはどのように内容を考えたらいいかですね。まず大事なことは、自分の本当の意見と違ったとしてもやはりテキトーに理由を並べることができそうな方の立場で書くことです。自分のほんとの意見を書こうとする練習は大学に入ってからすればいいことです。\nニュースの内容を詰め込むのはやんなくてもいいんじゃないですかね。色々なトピックになれるという意味ではいいかもしれませんが、時間もかかりますし費用対効果というかいわゆるコスパが良くないと思います。ここは１つ、気を楽にして中学生でも考えられるような議論でいいやという風に割り切っていいと思いますよ。\n例えば、選挙権を18歳に引き下げることについてどう思いますか、なんてありそうですよね。\nこういうのは、\n反対\n18歳というのは高校生の年齢、まだ若い、色々なことがわかってない、知識がない、大学に入ればもうちょっと知識を増やせる、日本国内のことも知れるようになる、\n確かに、若い人たちの意見は重要かもしれない、新たな視点が入る、新しい発見があるかもしれない\nでも、やっぱり勉強のたりない若者の考えることは大人でも思いつく、学力不足の人が選挙権を持つことのデメリット方が大きい\nだから反対\n\nこんな風に言ってることは全く大したことないです。このくらいのことは練習してれば思いつけるようになります。でも実は、確かに〜だけれど、みたいな評論にあるあるの手法も用いたりすれば、形になります。やっぱり英作文は慣れが1番です、知識の内容は増やしても英作文を思いつけるようにはならないので、このような議論の展開方法みたいなものを試して見てください。そのうちできるようになりますよ。英作文はできるようになるのにそんなに時間もかかりませんから大丈夫です。頑張ってください！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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