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1c:T1f01,こんばんは！日々の勉強おつかれさまです。
慶應義塾大学文学部のネギタコ焼きと申します。
よろしくお願いします。

今回は、①古文の勉強手順の確認 ②具体的な勉強法
について書いていきたいと思います。

ぼくも質問者さんと同じく、古文が全くできませんでした。しかし、受験直前の12月に早稲田を受けることを決意し、約2か月の勉強で古文を仕上げ、早稲田レベルまで実力を引き上げることに成功しました。この経験も踏まえながらアドバイスされていただきたいと思います。

まず①について
・古文の勉強の大きな流れとしては、基礎知識の習得→読み方の習得→演習＋文化史　になります。意外とシンプルです。
・基礎知識の習得とは、古文単語および文法のことです。まずこの2つをしっかり習得しなければ、古文を解釈することはできません。
・読み方の習得、これが最も重要です。単語と文法を駆使して、どのように古文を読んでいくか、解釈していくかを学習します。
・基礎知識と読み方を習得したら、後は演習していくだけです。
・文学史は、高3の秋〜冬からやれば間に合います。（ぼくは1月から始めました。）早稲田などで出題されますが、配点はそこまで高くないので、あまり時間をかけない方がいいと思います。基礎知識と読み方を習得することに重点を置くべきです。

次に②について
・ここから、参考書等を紹介しながら、各手順の勉強の詳細をお伝えします。
◎単語
・単語帳は、桐原書店の見て読んで覚える古文単語315をおすすめします。暗記の助けになるイラストや語源解説が各所に散りばめられていますので、飽きずに学習できると思います。
・ぼくは、単語帳にある315の単語＋40の慣用句を古文単語→現代語訳の順で音読しながら、7周ほどやって覚えました。
・古文単語は、1つの語に対して意味が複数ある場合が多いので、音読しながら覚えることをおすすめします。
・この単語帳にある見出し語を覚えれば、基本的にどの古文でも読めるようになります。早稲田でも困りませんでした。
◎文法
・文法は、河合塾の古典文法ステップアップドリルを使い習得すると良いと思います。
・特に後半の敬語と助動詞・助詞の識別は大事です。繰り返し取り組み、自分のものにしましょう。
・ぼくは、動詞や形容詞、助動詞の活用表は繰り返し音読し、身体に染み込ませ、演習問題は問題を1問やる→答え合わせ→次の問題→答え合わせという要領で、答えは紙に書かず、目で解きました。時間がなかったので。
・全体を3周し、助動詞・助詞の識別と敬語の部分はさらに2周しました。
・経験からの話になりますが、文法は完璧を目指しすぎない方が良いです。というのも、ある程度覚えた後は、問題に取り組む中で慣れていった方が定着が早いためです。
◎読み方・解釈
・ここが古文の肝です。ぼくはこれが受験直前の12月まで全く分からず、勉強が捗りませんでしたし、やる気も出ませんでした。しかし、これが分かってからは信じられないほど、古文が読めるようになりました。
・そこでおすすめなのが、駿台文庫から出ている古文解釈の方法という参考書です。
・単語と文法という基礎知識を使い、どのように読んでいけば良いかが詳しく説明されていて、「あ、こうやって読めばいいのか！」というのがズバリわかる一冊。
・たまに、感覚で古文が読めると言う強者がいますが、ぼくはいつもなんで感覚で読めるの？と思っていました。ただ、この参考書は、基礎知識を利用した論理的な読み方を指南してくれているので、すごく納得できましたし、どんな問題でも通用する読み方が身につけられます。
◎演習
・基礎知識と読み方・解釈の方法がわかれば、後はそれを問題演習で自力で使えるように練習を積むのみです。
・ぼくが1冊目の問題集として使用したのが、駿台のセンター試験短期攻略古文です。センターレベルの良問が10題掲載されているもので、解説が丁寧で、問題数もそう多くないので、時間がなかった自分にとっては最適な一冊でした。
・今年から、センター試験は共通テストへと変わるため、この参考書は共通テスト短期攻略古文などと変わっていると思いますが、それでもおすすめできる1冊です。
・これは、問題→答えまでのプロセスを意識して、3周ほどしました。
・問題演習で大切なのは、丁寧な復習。古文に限らず、読解系のものには、問題→解答の手がかりを探す→解答根拠の発見と決定→解答という、正しい論理にもとづいた一連のプロセスがあります。これを常に意識すると、読解系は上達します。
・後は、通っていた河合塾の冬期講習、および直前講習を受講し、その教材を丁寧に復習しました。これで早稲田の過去問でも7割程（合格点レベル）取れるようになりました。
・ぼくの場合、古文を勉強した期間は2か月と非常に短いです。（なんとか間に合いましたが、時の運にも恵まれたので、早くからしっかり勉強してください。笑）なので、問題集はあまり薦められませんが、河合塾の中堅私大古文演習等の予備校から出されている問題集は、比較的解説も詳しくおすすめです。
・自分の周りの早慶に受かった人は、Z会の古文上達や先程挙げた河合塾の中堅私大古文演習などがおすすめと言っていましたので、そのあたりの問題集の中から自分の肌に合うものを選ぶといいと思います。あまり細かいアドバイスができず、すみません…
◎文学史
・文学史は、早稲田やマーチの一部で出題されます。配点はあまり高くありませんが、短期間で対策可能なので、直前で良いので対策しておきましょう。入試では、1、2点が合否を左右することも少なくないので。
・ぼくは、先ほど紹介した古文単語315の巻末にある文学史の年表を使い対策しました。
・文学史で押さえるべきは、ジャンル（勅撰和歌集や軍記物語など）、作品と作者、年代です。これが1度に押さえられるのが年表です。単語帳の巻末の年表で上記の項目を押さえれば、大概の問題は対応できます。
・単語帳の巻末の年表の代わりとしては、学校等で配布される国語便覧の文学史年表等が使えます。
◎お詫び
ぼくは、スタディーサプリについては詳しくないので、活用方法をアドバイスできません。この場をお借りしてお詫びします。申し訳ございません。

かなり長くなってしまいましたが、以上になります。少しでもお役に立てれば嬉しいです。古文で大切なのは、単語・文法、そして読み方です。これをしっかり身につけられれば、必ずできるようになります。頑張って！
それでは失礼いたします。
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mb-1","children":"慶應の経済学部の者です。\nまず、単語の覚え方から。\n英単語と同じで反復が命です！何度も何度も触れましょう！\n助動詞の覚え方にも繋がる話ですが、ゴロで覚えると覚えやすいです。だから僕のオススメの古文単語張は『古文単語565』です。\nこの単語帳はゴロで古文単語を覚えるというものですが、非常に覚えやすいのでオススメです！\n\n次に助動詞。\n古文における助動詞って死ぬほど重要どすよね。だから特別にいい覚え方を教えちゃいます。\n助動詞にとって重要なことは３つあります。\n❶接続\n❷意味\n❸活用\n\n❷に関してはもう慣れで覚えるしかありません。\n❸も声に出して、リズムで覚えてしまいましょう。\n\n僕が教えるとっておきの方法は❶について。さっきの単語と同じですが、ゴロで覚えます。\n以下のゴロを声に出してよんで覚えちゃってください！\n\n▶︎未然形接続\nらますむさるまじしずむ\n\n▶︎連用形接続\nたけきっ(つ)たぬけ\n\n▶︎終止形接続\nなまべららむめい\n\n▶︎連体形接続\nなりたりごとし段段比的\n\n▶︎已然形接続\nさみしいりか\n\n\n各ゴロについて解説していくと、\n未然〜終止形のゴロはその形に接続する助動詞の頭文字がならんで文(笑？)を成しています。声に出して何度も読むと頭に残ります！(各文字がなんの助動詞を指しているかは自分で調べてください)\n連体形接続はそのまんまです笑！\nなり、たり、ごとし、は全て連体形接続で、それぞれ断定、断定、比況の意味を表します。\n已然形接続は『さみ』が『サ変変格活用の未然形』を指し、『しい』が四段活用動詞の已然形』を指していて、『り』が完了の助動詞『り』を、『か』は完了の『か』を表しています。\n\nどうですか？覚えれそうですか？\n僕もこの方法で覚えて受験を乗り切ったので、是非これで覚えてもらいたいです！\n\nえ？文字が被ってて、接続が紛らわしいやつはどうすればいいかって？\n文字が被っているのは『またなら(また奈良)』で個々で覚えましょう。これぐらいなら覚えられるはずです！\n\n僕が紹介できる方法はこんな感じです！\n古文の勉強の一助になればと思います！^ 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"言語文化の勉強法"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"私は古文漢文が得意だったのでお答えします！\n\n単語はめちゃくちゃ大切です！でもまずは助動詞を覚えましょう！！助動詞が分からないと文脈がとれません。（否定を肯定で取ったり、使役を尊敬で取ったりしてしまうと意味がわからなくなる）\n\n助動詞を覚えるメリットはたくさんあります。\n主語が特定しやすくなる、文脈を掴みやすくなる、共テの文法問題が解けるようになる、品詞分解ができるようになる！！逆に言えば助動詞が分からないと何も分からないということです。\n\n私はブツブツ助動詞を唱えて覚えました。帰り道に「る、らる、す、さす、しむ、ず、じ、む、むず、まし、まほし……」（未然形接続の助動詞すべて）とかつぶやいてました笑 YouTubeにも覚え方を解説した動画があるのでぜひ\n\n私は助動詞を覚えてから品詞分解をするのが大好きになりました笑\n\n\n【私の古文漢文参考書ルート】\n＊古文\nスタサプ古文文法（岡本梨奈）→Z会古文上達（基礎）→共テ演習、過去問演習（単語は日々コツコツ）\n\n＊漢文\n早覚え速答法→共テ演習、過去問演習（句形は日々コツコツ）\n\n古文漢文の魅力は「少しの文法と単語を覚えれば、昔の人と同じ気持ちを共有できる」ことです！！昔の人も「小さいものはかわいい」って思ってたんだ！私と同じ！みたいなそういう発見をしながら勉強していくのが良いと思います。\n\n質問があればお答えします！\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"動詞の語法の覚え方"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"はじめまして！\n\n動詞の語法ですが、最終的に頭にさえ入ればいいので絶対こうしないといけないというのはないです。むしろ人それぞれ合うやり方があるので色々試してみるといいかと思います。それが分からないから質問している！と思うかもしれませんが、｢覚え方｣よりも先に｢覚える内容｣について少し言及させてください。\n\n語法を覚えたいとのことですが、恐らく知らない単語がたくさん…と言うより知ってる単語に新たに知識を紐づけることに苦戦しているのかと思います。ただ全く新しい内容よりかはそういえば見た事・聞いた事あるような語法も割とあるかと思います。そういう時は新しく覚えるというより今まで見てきたものを整理する意識が大切です。\n\n結論から言うと、文型を意識するとかなりスッキリすると思います。\n例えば第四文型や第五文型をとる動詞はそこまで多くないので、まとめて覚えておく(調べれば色々出てくると思います)。\n第一文型(自動詞)と第三文型(他動詞)の両方をとる動詞もありますが、それも頻出分はまとめて覚えておく。また、自動詞の活用とと他動詞の活用で意味を分けて見るそれぞれで通ずるところが多いことがあります。\n\n最も大変なのが前置詞を伴う活用かと思います。\n多くの動詞には相性がいい前置詞があります。なので前置詞ごとではなく、各動詞が相性のいい前置詞を抑えておく方が効率的です。意外とそういうのは単語帳の隅に記載されてることが多いので、そういう所を中心にもう一周するのも手です。\n\nここで覚え方ですが、色々整理してみるとそこまで多くないと思います。書いた方が覚えられるなら書けばいいし、毎日目を通すだけで十分ならそれでいいと思います。僕自身ただ一覧リストを渡されると｢どう覚えたらいいんだ？｣とパニックになりますが、覚えるべきことが分かってからは早かったです。しきさんもまずはそれを意識してみると色々やり方が自ずと見えてくるかと思います。\n\n以上です。\n私なりの解釈で回答したので、聞きたいことと違う！と思った場合は申し訳ないです。また追加で質問していただければ対応します。\nそれでは勉強頑張ってください！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"古典が読めない"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは。\nまず、古典は助動詞と古単暗記にかかっていると言って過言ではありません。\n\n助動詞については\n助動詞の表を一通り自分で書けるレベルにまでする。大袈裟だと思われるかもしれませんが、これができないとブランド校以上は太刀打ちできません。表を作成し、活用形と意味を完璧に覚えてしまいましょう。\n\n古単については\n①テキストを準備する(学校から配布されていると思います。私は315を使っていました。)\n②見出し単語の意味を覚えて行く。ゴロ合わせなども沢山あるので積極的に参考にしましょう。\n③慣れて来たら、例文ごと意味を覚えて行く。(これをすることで古文のリズムに慣れることができます。)\n\n古文単語とは英単語と同様に、覚えることを習慣づけ、定期的に確認テストをしましょう。一般常識は参考書後ろの付録で眺めて覚えましょう。\n\n\nまた、助詞は文の意味を把握するために大事な要素ですが、助動詞と古文単語の次でいいと思います。古単の例文や学校の授業で感覚的に覚えることも良いと思います。\n\n古典は暗記と点数が面白いように比例する科目なので、今から頑張れば大丈夫だと思います。\n何かわからないことがありましたら遠慮なくいってください、応援しています！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"古文について"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"まず古文単語の覚え方についてですが、基本的にはある古文単語に対して、それの一番頻出の現代語訳を覚えるという形で何周か繰り返し、一通り覚えたら派生語なども覚えていくと良いかと思います。この時注意すべきことは2つあります。1つは必ず覚えていることをテストで確かめることです。テストといっても、ある単語に対して現代語訳が何か何も見ずに思い出すという簡単なものです。タイミングについてはお任せしますが、例えばインプットした次の日とか、1週間、1カ月経ったあとなどがいいかと思います。2つ目は回転率を上げることです。何度も繰り返し覚えることで記憶は定着します。最初は時間が多少かかるかもしれませんが、なるべく1単語にかける時間は少なくして、単語帳を何周もするようにしましょう。何周もしているうちにやり方にもよりますが、1日の中で1周できるくらいにはなってきます。以上が注意点になります。ちなみに単語帳については、自分はゴロゴ(語呂で覚えたものはあまりなかったですが…)を使っていましたが、基本的になんでもいいです。好きなもので勉強してください。\n次に単語と文法を終わらせた後に取り組むべき参考書についてですが、『古文解釈の方法』という参考書をおすすめします。(主観になってしまいますが、個人的には自分が受験において1、2位を争うほど役に立った参考書でした。)この参考書は単語や文法を終わらせても実際に文章を読むとなるとイマイチ理解できないという方には特におすすめです。英語ではよく英文解釈の参考書をやる人が多いのですが、古文ではなぜかそのような参考書があまりなく、このプロセスを飛ばして実際の問題に取り組む人が多いのですが、個人的にこの参考書はその溝を埋めてくれる非常に大事な立ち位置にあると思います。ぜひ参考にしてみてください。また、この参考書は問題演習用ではないので、この参考書や文法などを実践的にアウトプットするための参考書として、『古文上達56』などの問題集をおすすめします。これは自分に合ったものを選んで頂ければと思います。\n最後になりますが、古文常識もできれば知っておくと便利です。参考書としては『マドンナ古文常識217』をおすすめします。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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mb-1","children":"こんにちは！\n\nここでは自分が色んな参考書を使ってきて思う国語のおすすめの参考書やツールを紹介したいと思います！参考にしてみてください！！\n\n現代文\n現代文ポラリス1→現代文アクセスの基本編\n\nこの順番で進めていくのがいいとおもいます！これと合わせてYouTubeのただよびで現在公開されている宗慶次先生の動画を見るといいと思います！\n\n次に漢字と語彙ですがこれはコツコツと進めていきましょう。学校でやってるやつやそれがなければ入試に出る漢字と語彙2400がいいと思います！\n\nこれを終えると現代文読解力の開発講座が次の参考書としていいと思います！評論の難しい文章に対してかなり詳しく解説されていて、現代文の読み方を教えてくれるのでこれをしっかり2、3周やるのがいいと思います！\n以下がおすすめのやりかたです！\n\n現代文読解力の開発講座の進め方\n\n1周目　まず解いて答え合わせで解説を熟読して読み方を学ぶ。（要約は1周目はやらなくてもOK）\n\n2、3周目　要約も含めて解いて解決をすみずみまで読む。参考書に書いてあるような解き方の流れをできるようにする。\nこのような形です！\n\n続いて古文と漢文です！\n古文\n単語帳一冊（読んでみて覚える古文単語315orゴロゴプレミアムなど）\n\n文法　元東進の講師の吉野先生のYouTubeのただよびの授業動画　オーソドックスな授業ですが、古文の苦手意識がなくなると思います！！\n吉野先生の声は呪文のように頭に入ってくるのでかなりいいと思います！！\n\n敬語　ただよびの吉野先生のスーパー敬語法\n\nこちらも非常にわかりやすく、１つが10分なので手軽にみられておすすめです！\n\n読解　\n古文上達基礎編\n\n古文上達をやれば基礎の読解は大丈夫だと思います！\n\n古文はまずはとにかく単語と文法を完璧にしましょう！その次に敬語、読解と進んでいくのがおすすめです！\n\n漢文はまだ始めなくても十分ですがやるのであれ\nば漢文速答法がおすすめです！\n\n参考になれば幸いです！！また、いつでも何か聞きたければこちらのコメントでお答えするのでお気軽にどうぞ！（答えられる範囲で答えます！）頑張ってください！！\n\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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