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1a:Tcde,ひたすら多読するのが一番の近道だと思います。記述で少しずつ落としてしまうのは、少し文構造を取り間違えたり、単語や熟語を知らなかったりするからですが、これに対する特効薬のようなものは無く、ただ沢山の長文に触れ、学び、慣れていく他ないと思います。残された時間が少なく焦ってしまうとは思いますが、根気よくやっていくしかありません。

英語は、①単語②文法③解釈④長文⑤英作の5つをこの順にやるのが良いと言われることが多いです。ただ①、②を完璧にすることは不可能なので、何となくできてきたら次に進むのが良いと思います。質問者さんが高校三年生であることを考えると、解釈または長文をするのがいいと思います(同時並行で英作をやるのもアリ)。問題集としては、基礎英文問題精講、基礎長文問題精講をおすすめします。

説明問題は、適当な部分を見つけて訳す問題、すなわち英文和訳の問題に帰着されるとよく言われます。説明問題に対処するためには、まず英文を訳せるようにならなければなりません。英文を訳すためには、丁寧に文構造をとる練習が必要なので、基礎英文問題精講など英文解釈系の問題集を1冊やっておくのがいいと思います。丁寧に文構造をとることで、少しずつ点を落としてしまうことを減らすことが出来ます。その後、身についた英文解釈の力を活かすべく、基礎長文問題精講などの問題集で英文和訳に慣れるのがおすすめです。

一橋大学の過去問をやっていないならば1年分やってみるといいと思います。英作に自信が無いなら長文の問題である大問1(年によって大問2も)だけでもやってみると、自分の苦手なところや、ケアレスミスをしがちなところ、思わず雑に訳してしまうところなどを確認することが出来ると思います。解答はできれば他人にみてもらうのがいいですが、もし出来ないならば自己採点をするのが良いと思います。自己採点する際、自分で解答の要素を区切って細かく見ていくのがおすすめです。実際、模試や入試の採点者は機械的に要素採点をしていることが多いそうです。

ちなみに、解答で意訳しすぎているような問題集、参考書がありますが、そのように全てを意訳する必要はなく、学校で習ったような意訳(無生物主語など)以外は直訳で減点されることはあまりないです。不自然な日本語でも、自分が文構造を分かっているという証明になるのでそのまま書くべきです。前述のように要素採点なので、どの日本語がどの英語の部分に対応しているのか分かりにくい場合、減点されるかも知れません。

もし余裕があるなら、一橋大学以外の大学の過去問をやってみるのもいいと思います。阪大や京大の和訳問題は良い問題が多いです。1b:Tbd7,初めまして。

英語自体の理解よりも内容の理解というのに現状、苦しんでいるということですよね。

さて、本題に入りますと、自分もこの手の問題に悩むタイプだったのですが、現代文もなんとなくでやってしまっていて成績にブレがあったりはしませんか？

選択問題では点数が取れたりするけど、記述になると途端に何を書けばいいのか分からなかったりしませんか？

おそらくなのですが、文章の繋がりというか全体としてのまとまりを感じることができていないのだと思います。
その理由はおそらく、文章がどのように構成されたものなのか考えていないからだと思われます。

英文を読んでいて、この段落とこの段落とはどうやって繋がっているのだろう？と悩んだことも多いのではないでしょうか。文章の形というか、どのように構成されているのかをいくつか記します。

① 序論→本論→結論
このタイプはよくみますし、1番読みやすいと思います。こうだからこう。こうだからこう、と順番に綺麗に書いてあります
しかし、これだけではないのです。

②逆を検証するタイプ
伝えたいことを強調するために、逆をあえて引用しそれを上回るような論で伝えたいことを強調するタイプです。

③同じことを違う角度から検証するタイプ
文章自体のテーマについて、あらゆる角度から検証するタイプです。これは中々厄介です。一見、いきなり違う話題に何度か飛ぶわけです。ですが結局同じ主題を色々な角度から根拠づけている事が多いです。

④ざっくり主題だけが決まっていて、全く別の話をいくつか紹介するタイプ。
例えば『犬』というトピックがあるとします。
一段落目には犬とチョコの関係、二段落目には犬の人懐こさはいつからか、三段落目には嗅覚についてなど、トピックだけは一致しているものの、ほぼ別の話題を何個か取り上げているものです。

ここまでいくつか文章の形を紹介してきましたが、文法などを理解されていらっしゃるのなら文章の中で各々の文がどのような意味を持つのか考えてみるのもいいと思います。わかりやすいのでいうと、for exampleときたら例ですよね。一つ一つどのような文なのかなんとなく考えてみる練習をされるといいと思います。

長くなりましたが、文章がどのような形を知っておいて、どんな風か考え、パラグラフごとにまとめてみたり、文それぞれが前後の文とどんな関係か考えてみる、英語というより読解について考えてみるのがおすすめです。
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英語構文の透視図』\n英文法をしっかり身につけてから、夏休み頃に取り組めると良いです。一橋英語を読むうえで必要となる英語構文を身につけることができます。難易度は高いかもしれませんが、必ず力になります。最後の問題は、昔の一橋のものでした。是非最後まで辿りついて見てください。\n\n\nさいごに、英文法･構文がある程度固まってきたら、英文を全訳してみてください。一橋の赤本でやってみるのが良いです。過去問20年分を訳せ、だなんて鬼言わないので、数年分を訳して見てください。最初は短めの文章からでも大丈夫です。時間はかかりますが、自分の力を試せます。\n\n健闘をお祈りしています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 4-4-1.79-4-4-4zm0 10c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 4v2h16v-2c0-2.66-5.33-4-8-4z","children":[]}]]],"style":{"color":"$undefined"},"height":16,"width":16,"xmlns":"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs","children":["一橋大学法学部"," 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"解釈について"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは！\n\n「言葉にする」とは和訳のことでしょうか。それとも読みながら内容を日本語で頭に入れるということでしょうか。\n\n後者であれば、簡単です。まず長文を日本語ではなく英語のまま理解できるように練習しましょう。英語は文の後ろから訳すと綺麗な日本語訳になりますよね。ということは長文を前から読みながら日本語でそれを理解するとなるとロスタイムが生じるのです。\n\nですから英語を英語のままで頭の中で咀嚼できるように練習します。英語長文の問題集をとく→解釈と和訳の確認→ひたすらに音読 この練習をすればできるようになります。\n\n和訳の場合の話です。\n私は基礎英文解釈の技術100を２周しましたが、全く力がついた気がしませんでした。有名な参考書なだけあって力がつくと思っていましたが、私には合わないんだろう、と思い、いったん解釈のことは頭から消し去りました笑\n\n（ちなみに、私が使った参考書は解釈というより訳を練習する参考書なのでは？と友達に言われたことがあります。ですが、解答の意訳が多い参考書としても知られているため、どちらにせよ私には合わなかった……）\n\nその後は関正生のThe rulesという英語長文の参考書（私が1番英語の偏差値伸ばせた参考書）をやっていました。この参考書は丁寧に構文が振られているし、丁寧な訳もついています。構文を頭に叩き込んでから何度も音読したことで、自然に英語力が身につきました。\n\nですから一度解釈の勉強をストップして、長文に慣れてからまた解釈に戻るのもありな気がします。\n\n\n構文は振れるのに訳ができない理由を考えたことはありますか？構文がとれる（=構造がわかる）なら訳せる力はあると思います！！慣れの問題なのか、単語の問題なのか、本当に構造を把握できているのか、5文型の訳し方パターンを覚えているか、もう一度確認してみてください。\n\n\n長文を読む上で構文を取れる力は必要ですが、最終的なゴールは超文を読解することでありsvocを振ることではありません。\n\n質問があればお答えします。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 4-4-1.79-4-4-4zm0 10c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 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overflow-hidden","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"w-full h-full 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英文を意味の通った日本語に訳すことができない"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"勉強お疲れ様です。\n\n単語を知っていて、文法も理解しているのに意味不明な日本語訳を作ってしまうと原因としては、現代文が苦手ということが考えられます。そもそも日本語の意味がよく分かっておらず、英語から訳してみたところで、自分でかみ砕けないのかなと。\nもしそうであれば、英単語を少しわかりやすい日本語に変えることをお勧めします。このやり方は私が受験生の時に、塾の先生から教わりました。簡単な例を出すと、例えば「画一的な雰囲気のある」というより、「同じような雰囲気のある」と訳したほうが、ちゃんと理解できている感じがありませんか？単語帳に載っている日本語訳ってどうしても固いというか、漢語調なことが多いので、自分なりに変形してみるのも効果的だと思います。また、もし結構な英語力があるなら、英英辞典を利用してみるのも一つの手です！割と易しめの英語で構成されていることが多い(難しい単語を使って説明すると、それもまた調べなくてはいけない)ので、英語力もつき一石二鳥かもしれません！\n少しでもお役に立てたらうれしいです。応援しています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英語の勉強方法"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 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