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1a:I[6549,["51","static/chunks/795d4814-03346c8d233b4adb.js","212","static/chunks/212-70508e17017a12c2.js","231","static/chunks/231-5dc9f3acdba63b0c.js","54","static/chunks/54-f848f8ba1c362ca7.js","23","static/chunks/app/advice/%5Bid%5D/page-53a773e0095d4429.js"],"CommentItemName"] 1c:I[3866,["51","static/chunks/795d4814-03346c8d233b4adb.js","212","static/chunks/212-70508e17017a12c2.js","231","static/chunks/231-5dc9f3acdba63b0c.js","54","static/chunks/54-f848f8ba1c362ca7.js","23","static/chunks/app/advice/%5Bid%5D/page-53a773e0095d4429.js"],"AdOnAdviceList1"] 1b:T1371,ああさん、お久しぶりです。今回もまた日本史について、エビデンスベースで回答していければと思います。 本回答は以下の構成でお伝えしていきます。 ①用語の説明文まできっちり覚える勉強が適切かどうか 以上1点です。 ①用語の説明文まできっちり覚える勉強が適切かどうか 結論、適切です。 早稲田の正誤問題の本質はまさにコレです。 寺子屋事件の例に出せば、早稲田（特に社学では）「京都」を「大阪」に、「島津久光」を他の人名に、「従わなかった」を「従った」（従ったに変えると文脈がおかしいですが、用語と言われる部分以外にも引っ掛けポイントがあるということを例示したい）に変更して引っ掛けてきます。 ただし、1000題テストで3位取れるという事実を参考に、今回はもう一段階深いアドバイスをさせていただきます。 それは教科書メインで勉強して欲しいというアドバイスです。 しかし、前提条件があります。 a.教科書に抵抗がない b.英語国語の学力が問題ない です。 一問一答だけで勉強しているなら教科書に今から取り組むのはかえってリスクなので以下のアドバイスはBのみ参考にしてください。 今回は早稲田2022年社学の問題を引用します。 まず、社学に特に顕著な傾向として、 A.「教科書にしかない記述」 B.「出来事の時代の出題」 2点があります。 まず、Aです。 大問I.問3の女性に関する問題です。この問題（恐らく選択肢ホの雑さゆえ）は受験者全員が正解になった問題ですが、一問一答だけで勉強してると判別できない文章の良い例なので、それぞれの選択肢を山川教科書を元に考えてみます。 イ、山川教科書P52L12に「女性の発言力が強かった」とあります。よって誤 ロ、山川教科書P52L9に「夫婦としていずれかの父母のもとで生活」とあります。よって正 ハ、山川教科書P52左下画像『村上遺跡』の注釈に「竪穴式住居数棟〜（中略）〜単位が多数集合して村落が形成されていた」とあります。よって正 ニ、山川教科書P52「律令では中国の家父長制的な家族制度にならって父系の相続を重んじたが、一般民衆では（以下略）」とあります。律令と民衆生活の実態の乖離があったことがわかるため、誤 ホ、この選択肢のせいで問題破綻したので説明省略^_^ このように、早稲田が明らかに山川教科書から問題を作成していることがわかるかと思います。これら選択肢以外にもこのP52の中でいえば、「夫婦は結婚しても別姓」「自分の財産を持っていた」ことも覚えておくべきです。（私の教科書に出題有との記載があるので、過去どこかの学部でも出ている） 恐らく、赤本でも難問とは書かれないレベルですが、受験生には難問に感じる問題です。しかしながら、早稲田社学を目指すなら過去に出題もありますし、取っておきたい問題だと私は思います。 B.「出来事の時代の把握」 ここでは2022社学大問4問10の法律成立時期に関する問題を考えます。 これは正誤でもなく全選択肢単語ですが、どの法律が平沼内閣で成立したかを問う問題です。一問一答だけだとかなり難しいと思います。仮に何年に成立したか分かっても、どの首相だったかまでは難しいです。（戦時中の内閣はコロコロ入れ替わるから）戦時中において、どの内閣でどの政策やどんな戦況だったかは頻出です。（戦時中以外も政策や出来事がどの為政者の時だったかを問う問題はかなり多い）ゆえに、社学志望なら取っておきたい問題です。 したがって、それぞれの出来事がどの為政者の時かまで整理して覚えると点数アップが見込めます。 以上が私からのアドバイスです。 一問一答の説明文まで覚えている途中とのことで、すぐには成果出ないかと思われます。 だんだん成果が出ます。 アドバイスbは、一問一答で勉強していくにしても必ず意識してください。比較的成果に直結しやすいと思います。 いまは、一答から一問を繋げている最中かとおもいますが、並行して、一問と一問も繋げていきます。ここまでできれば平均点プラス2割は確実に安定します。 それでは、勉強応援しております。 最後までお読みいただき、ありがとうございました。1d:Te0b,駿台で一年浪人した者です。 東大志望で、結局慶應法に進みました。質問者さんの質問通り、東大落ちパターンです。 周りの東大コースの人たちもみな滑り止めでだいたい早慶に受かっているので、実際難関国立志望者が合格をもらっていくパターンは多いと思います。ただ、国立の日本史・世界史などの歴史科目は記述なので、頭の使い方が全く違います。例えば国立の場合、一問一答などはあまり役に立ちません(もちろん、国立の対策が私大入試に繋がる部分もたくさんあります)。そのため、国立志望者は早慶に向けてもある程度対策をします。一方で、早慶志望者の方々は早慶に向けた勉強のみを進めます。 そういった点で、経験の違いがあると思います。一緒に同じ試験で勝負する人たちがどんな経験を積んできているのかを知ることもとても大事なので、一年分でもいいので私大志望でも国立の試験はどんな問題を出しているのか見てみるといいと思います。これは私自身よく講師からもらったアドバイスでもあります。 さて、私も駿台、河合、四谷の３つで悩んで結局駿台を選びました。駿台を選んだ理由は、授業の長さがちょうど良さそうだったこと、大手だったこと、そして一番の決め手が、相談の時点で私の成績をよく吟味してコースを選んでくれたことです。 駿台の浪人生のコースでは、担任がおり、その人に勉強の相談や進路指導などをいつでもできるのでその点に関しては安心していいと思います。また、前期(夏期講習前)には基礎固めをしっかりして、後期(夏期講習後)には応用に入るので、質問者さんのスタイルにあっていると思います。 一方、先生との距離は自分でつめないといけないところがあります。放任主義とは違い、担任も細かく話をしてくれるのですが、先生とは積極的に講師室に行って質問したり相談したりしないといけません。先生方はみな、質問にも優しく対応してくださるし、TAという個人指導のような時間も取れるのですが、先生から声をかけてくるような雰囲気はあまりありません。自分から積極的にぶつかっていく意識は欲しいと思います。 復習に関しては、その日のうちに習ったことを確実にするようにするのが大事です。河合と比べたことはありませんが、駿台にもテキストはそれなりにあります。予復習は大変だと思いますが、先生が前期は復習重視で、などの指示をしてくださると思うので、それを信じてやって続けていけば大丈夫だと思います。 駿台のことしか言えず申し訳ありませんが、この予備校には、生徒達が内部生の目線で講師の性格や授業内容、コースなどを含め赤裸々に綴った『お茶飲みwiki』というサイトがあります。利用者だった私から見ても、このページは講座選びなどにもとても役に立つし、実情も正確に載っていると感じる内容になっているので、ぜひ見てみることをおすすめします。 質問者さんが意義深い一年、納得のいく結果を得られるよう願っております。1e:T1007,こんにちわ。 以前、年号について書かせてもらったんで、それをまず再掲します。 大事な年号には、3種類あると思います ●「区切りの年号」 ■「つなぎの年号」 ★「単純に大事で試験によく出る年号」 具体例を出しながら説明すると、 184年 黄巾の乱 ★漢末期の大反乱として大事な年号 751年 タラス河畔の戦い ●8世紀前半と8世紀後半を区切る年号 ■イスラム世界（アッバース朝）と唐をつなぐ年号 ★製紙法伝達などで大事な年号 800年 カールの戴冠 ●8世紀と9世紀を区切る年号 ★西ヨーロッパ世界成立で〜（略）〜という点で大事な年号 999年 カラ=ハン朝がサーマン朝を滅ぼす ●9世紀と10世紀を区切る年号 （★中央アジアでのトルコ化が進むという点で大事だけど、入試で年号が問われることはない。） 1202年 第4回十字軍 1204年 コンスタンティノープルにラテン帝国成立 ●12世紀と13世紀を区切る年号 ■ヨーロッパとイスラム世界をつなぐ年号 1299年 オスマン帝国成立 ●12世紀と13世紀を区切る年号 ★オスマン帝国成立という点で大事な年号 1699年 カルロヴィッツ条約 ●17世紀と18世紀を区切る年号 ■ヨーロッパとイスラム世界をつなぐ年号 ★オスマン衰退の一歩として大事な年号 色々書かせてもらいましたが、分かったでしょうか？ ★のものは、優先的に覚えるべきです。直接年号を問われることが多いです。 ●と■は、試験を有利に進めるために必要です。 まあ、センターや私大の過去問やってくうちに、これらの重要性はわかると思います。 また、区切りの年号は、世紀を区切るだけではありません。 1644年 明の滅亡（これは★でもありますね）のようなものもあります。 明と清を区切る年号ですね。 また、もう一つレベルを上げると、 1849年 航海法の廃止 ●イギリス自由主義改革の最後の改革として、区切りの年号であります。 つまり、ほかのイギリス自由主義改革は、これより全部前です。 例えば、 「19世紀後半にイギリスでは、審査法が廃止された」 と言われたら、審査法の年号が分からなくても、 審査法=イギリス自由主義改革、 イギリス自由主義改革の終わり=航海法の廃止の1846年が分かれば、 審査法廃止は、19世紀後半には起きてないことを判断できます。 審査法の廃止の年号を覚えてなくても解けるわけですね。 （ちなみに、審査法廃止は1828年らしいです） 「どれくらいまで年号覚えておけばいいの？」って人、いっぱいいますよね。 自分は、「全ての世界史の出来事の年号を見当つけて答えられるくらい」覚えるべきだと思います。 その上で、★はもちろん、●や■のような年号も積極的に覚えていくべきだと思います。 それで、覚え方は自由です。 ゴロがあるなら、ゴロで覚えてもいいでしょう。 いざ国（1392）作ろう李氏朝鮮とか イミミミー（1333）とスペシウムで、鎌倉幕府崩壊 とか、変なゴロもたくさん作ってましたよ。 基本的には、この「区切りの年号」を覚えとけば、何世紀問題にも対応できます。 んで、もっと単純なことをいうと、 資料集の後ろに、世界中の年表が書いてあります。 それをみると、 「7世紀の中国といったら、唐」とか、 「10世紀の中央アジアは、サーマン朝」とかをすぐに確認できます。 色んな世紀の色んな場所を覚えておいて、「区切りの年号」と「つなぎの年号」もうまく使っていけば、ほぼほぼ解けます。 試してみてください！2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=Idpp9SGUSoRfCicmpEbK","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"承久の乱について"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between mb-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"text-left text-xs text-caption","children":["クリップ(",2,") コメント(",1,")"]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-right text-xs text-caption","children":"12/10 8:21"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark mb-4","children":"UniLink利用者の80%以上は、難関大学を志望する受験生です。これまでのデータから、偏差値の高いユーザーほど毎日UniLinkアプリを起動することが分かっています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L13",null,{"clientImageUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_TTTCQuxCwwMANP41n1QsssxfieE2.jpg?alt=media&token=e6f99325-08fe-45e7-a967-edf75dd78c56","clientUserName":"mnt13","infoString":"高3 東京都 上智大学法学部(68)志望","adviceId":"Idpp9SGUSoRfCicmpEbK"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"leading-loose whitespace-pre-wrap","children":[["$","div","consultation-part-0",{"children":[null,"承久の乱後、仲恭天皇が廃され、後鳥羽上皇、順徳上皇、土御門上皇の3人がそれぞれ流罪となりましたが、上皇って何人もいるものなのですか？"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"pt-4","children":["$","$L14",null,{}]}],null]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"回答"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L15",null,{"adviserImageUrl":null,"adviserName":"こばり","adviserDepartment":"東京大学文科二類","adviceId":"Idpp9SGUSoRfCicmpEbK"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark mb-4","children":"すべての回答者は、学生証などを使用してUniLinkによって審査された東大・京大・慶應・早稲田・一橋・東工大・旧帝大のいずれかに所属する現役難関大生です。加えて、実際の回答をUniLinkが確認して一定の水準をクリアした合格者だけが登録できる仕組みとなっています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"leading-loose whitespace-pre-wrap mb-4","children":[["$","div","advice-part-0",{"children":[null,"「上皇が天皇に退位を強制する」場合にはありえます。\n\n天皇が生前に退位すれば上皇となりますが、基本的には権力を持っていません(例:醍醐天皇・藤原時平による菅原道真左遷を阻止できなかった宇多上皇)\n\nしかし、白河天皇が上皇となり、院政を開始すると事態が変わります。上皇が院庁と院近臣をもち、院宣によって天皇を凌ぐ権力を持ち始めます。上皇からすれば天皇が成人して自分で政治をやるようになると天皇が邪魔になります。そこで息子(、もしくは孫)に「そろそろ息子に位を譲ってはどうか？」と聞くわけです。逆らえるわけもありませんので、天皇が退位して別の上皇になります。しかし、実際に院政を行って権力を握れる上皇は1人だけ。これが「治天の君」です。(この場合は後鳥羽上皇です。)\n\n実際、後白河天皇の治世の初期には鳥羽上皇と崇徳上皇(鳥羽上皇の死後、保元の乱で敗北)がいますので、上皇が複数人いるというのは無い話ではありません。\n\n質問にちゃんとお答えできてるでしょうか？\n応援しています！"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L16",null,{"adviserImageUrl":null,"adviserName":"こばり","adviserDepartment":"東京大学文科二類","adviceId":"Idpp9SGUSoRfCicmpEbK","numberOfFan":3,"clipsAvg":4.625,"adviceRateAvg":4.3076923076923075,"profile":""}]}],["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://ck.jp.ap.valuecommerce.com/servlet/referral?sid=3364577&pid=884970531&vc_url=http%3A%2F%2Fshingakunet.com%2F%3Fvos%3Dnrmnvccp0000100","rel":"nofollow","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/document_request_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink 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mb-1","children":"こんにちは！\n個人的に日本史が好きで、河合記述では偏差値80以上、早慶オープンでは8位だったので、少々信頼のある回答ができるのではないかなと思います。\n\n回答に移ります。\n\nまずは、一問一答を使い、語句の確認をします。その後、分からなかった語句に付箋を貼ります。これは、学校などへの移動時間に行うのが理想的です。そして、机を使える環境に着いたら、分からなかった語句とその周辺の知識を白紙のノートにストーリー仕立てで殴り書きします。そうすると、単なる語句の暗記だけにならず、事件における因果関係を理解することになるので、難関大学での記述もしくは、正誤判定に役立つことになります。このように、語句暗記と話の理解を同時に行う復習が理想的ではないかなと思います。ただ、この方法を行う際、綺麗にノートに書くのではなく、短時間で行うのが、良いと思います。\n\n例\n天皇大権→枢密院の同意が必要/そもそも天皇は、神聖不可侵であり、統治権の統帥者。/天皇は、陸海軍の統帥権をもつ＝陸海軍は、内閣から独立し天皇に直属。なぜ？軍が暴走したら内閣が手を出せず、総辞職に追い込まれてしまう。では、その統帥権はどのように運営されるのか？陸軍は、参謀本部、海軍は海軍軍令部を置き指揮。じゃあ、軍事行政は？陸軍省と海軍省で。/非常事態では、緊急勅令もしくは、戒厳令。戒厳令出されたの何回？いつ？\n\nみたいな感じで殴り書きすると良いです！\n\n質問者様のさらなる飛躍を期待しています。\n\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"正誤問題が苦手"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"正誤問題は数をこなすことが大事ですが、それに加えてしっかりと消去法を使って解く！という意識を持って取り組むことが大切です。\nそしてその消去法を使うための手段の一つとして、因果関係を掴むことは大変有効です。\n例えば「徳川家康は天正の石直しと呼ばれる検地を行い、各地から国絵図などを徴収した。」という選択肢があったとしましょう。\nまぁこれはあまりに簡単なので消去法も何もありませんが、まずは消去法を使うのであれば天正の石直しは秀吉の行った太閤検地の別名なので誤りですよね。\nこのように、まずはすべての選択肢が間違いを含んでいるものであると思って読むことが大切です。\n次に因果関係ですが、「足利義満は父の死後、外交政策を転換し明との冊封体制を否定した。」という選択肢があったとします。これも、足利義満ではなく義持であると知っていれば一発で消去法を使えるのですが、仮に知らなくても、義満は明へ朝貢する→朝廷からは不満があったものの義満以上の力を持った者がおらずそのまま続く→義満の死後、父と折り合いが悪かった義持が父の政策を転換し、明との冊封体制を否定→これらの政策の影響もあり義持の時代は幕府と朝廷は友好関係、という因果関係を掴めていれば対応できます。\n結論としては、基本的には正誤は消去法を使って解く、その際には全て語文であると思って読む意識が大切であり、因果関係を掴むことは消去法を使うための有効な手段である、ということです。因果関係の掴み方としては人物と政策を結びつけて覚え、次にその人物がなぜそのような方針を取ったのかを調べることが有効ですね。\n参考になれば幸いです、長々とすみません。応援しています！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"日本史論述について"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは。\n質問に対して順番に答えていきますね。\n\n①教科書の使い方について\n日本史の論述問題で問われるのは『歴史の流れ』です。\n単語を答える問題と違ってその人の中でしっかりと歴史の流れが理解できているかが問われます。\nある事柄が起こった理由や背景について答えなければいけません。\n例えば\n『明治政府の、不平等条約〔治外法権（法権）と関税自主権（税権）〕の改正に至る歴史を、外交側の事情にも留意しながら概説しなさい。』\nという問題が出たとします。\nおそらく\n岩倉具視、寺島宗則、大隈重信、井上馨、青木周蔵、陸奥宗光、小村寿太郎\nといった人々が頭に浮かんでくると思います。\nこの人たちの行動とその結果からどうなったかを歴史の流れに沿って書く必要があります。\n\nここで教科書を見るとこのような歴史的事項を短い文章かつ数ページで簡潔に分かりやすくまとめています。\n教科書自体が『日本の歴史について簡潔にまとめよ』という論述問題に答えているようなものです。\n要は教科書に書いてあることが正解なので論述問題は教科書を見ながら書くという勉強をするのが一番なのです。\n教科書の文章を問題規定の字数まで削ればそれが論述問題に対する答えになります。\nなので最初に論述問題を解く時は教科書を見ながら解いてください。\n具体的な使い方としては\"教科書を見ながら文章を問題文指定の文字数まで削って書き写す\"というものです。\n\n②添削で見てもらうところ\n一番は\"文章がしっかりと書けているか\"です。\nすなわち、\n・文章のつながりがおかしくないか\n・歴史の流れを捉えられているか\n・問題の回答に必要な歴史ワードが漏れていないか\n・逆に不必要な言葉が書かれていないか\n・他人が読んで理解できるかどうか\n・先生ならどう書くか\nです。\n\nまた、自分で解答を作成すると模範解答とは違う答えになります。\n自分の解答が何点くらいの解答なのかも聞くといいと思います。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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