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1c:T18dd,こんにちは～＾＾

慶應商学部の4年生です。

国語、特に現代文は、これまでの人生経験から、出来る人はできますし、できない人は勉強してもなかなか伸びません。

これは、数学には明確な「公式」と、解答を導くまでの「解き方」があるのに対し、現代文には分かりやすい公式のようなものがなく、どう勉強したら解けるようになるのか分かりづらいためです。

個人的な意見ですが、現代文というのは、中学入試（国語という名前ですが）も大学入試も問題のレベルは変わりません。大学入試では、現代文に登場する語彙や教養のレベルが上がるだけで、基本的な国語力というのは、実はそれだけ小さいころに形成されていいものなんです。例えば、中学入試でしっかり現代文（国語）を勉強した人間は、勉強を全くせずに大学入試の現代文がしっかり解けます。

現代文が出来る人と出来ない人では、文章を読んだ時に見えている世界が全く違います。

現代文が出来る人というのは、文章を読み進むにつれてその風景や光景、説明文の構造などがイメージとして頭に浮かんできます。

逆に現代文が苦手な人は、文章を読んだ時、文と文が頭の中でつながらず、ただの文字列としか認識されません。これは大きな違いです。

今回は、現代文を構成する3つの能力について解説したいと思いますので、自分に足りないのはどの力なのか、よく考えてみてください。

【現代文に必要な3つの力】
①文章を理解する力
②文章から想像する力
③文章同士を組み合わせて論理的な図にする力

①文章を理解する力
「文章を理解する力」を習得するための勉強法は、最も簡単です。

ちょっと難しいな、理解できていないな、という文章があったら、絶対にそこから先へ進んではいけません。一度立ち止まって、もう一度その文章を最初から読み直し、その文章が完全に理解できるまで粘りましょう。

それは難しい単語の意味が分からないのかもしれませんし、文章同士の前後関係がつながっていないのかもしれません。

現代文とは、一文の積み重ね、一文一文の組み合わせで内容が出来上がるので、一文たりとも理解できていない箇所があると、途端に分からなくなります。

現代文の効果的な勉強法が分からず、現代文に苦手意識を持っている人の大半は、ここでつまづいています。よく分かっていないのになんとなく読み進めてしまう人たちのことです。

とにかく1文でも理解できていない文章があったら、絶対にそこから進まない！という勉強法を取り入れるだけで、読解力は格段に上がります。

是非試してみてください。

②文章から想像する力
「文章を理解する力」を使ってある文章を理解したとして、今度はそれを頭の中で想像できなければ応用することが出来ません。これは、現代文では主に物語文に使われる能力・勉強法（説明文にも使えますが、次の項目で説明します）です。

これは、①の文章を理解するが出来ていればカンタンなことなのですが、意外に多くの人がやっていません。

それはなぜかというと、想像することをめんどくさがっているからです。

文章が理解できていれば、想像など簡単に出来ますが、多くの人が現代文という教科を楽しんでいないため、全然想像しないのです。

例えば人間心理の問題など、想像せずに解答が分かるはずがありません。その場面のその人の気持ちになりきらないと分かりません。

楽しんで部活をする人と、しぶしぶ部活動をしている人では、楽しんでやっている人の方が伸びるに決まっています。

現代文の場合、楽しんでいるかいないかの指標は、ここに現れているかもしれません。

③文章同士を組み合わせて論理的な図にする力

これは、「説明文版の文章から想像する力」です。普通の「文章から想像する力」は物語文の光景を想像するのに対して、「文章同士を組み合わせて論理的な図にする力」は説明文の内容を想像する力になります。つまり、説明文で登場する主張、反対意見、具体例などを一枚の図で表せるよう頭の中で想像するということです。

文章同士を組み合わせて論理的な図にする力」の勉強法では、まず一文ごとに理解した後、それらを因果関係や並列、逆説などで結びつけ、文章を一枚の図で表せるように頭の中で整理するよう、常に心がけてください。

図で表すとはどういうことかというと、例えば、「結論」が一番上にあって、その「理由A」と「理由B」が一個下の階層にあり、さらにその一個下の階層に「理由A」の具体例が2つ，また「理由B」の二次理由が2つある、というのを樹形図のように想像します。

ちょっと文章で表すの難しいですが…（笑）

現代文の極め付けは、僕はここにあると思っています。

これが出来るようになれば、ほとんどの文章がほぼ完全に理解できるようになります。

詳しく勉強したい人は、東洋経済新聞社の「ロジカルシンキング」という本を買って読んでみてください。

もしかしたら国語力が跳ね上がるかもしれません。
僕はこの本と出会って、今まで自分が文章をまったく理解できていなかったことに気づきました。

僕の後輩も、この本を読んで小論文の点数が上がったそうです。

興味のある人は試してみてください＾＾

以上です。がんばってくださいね。2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=GhraamsBTqPwDZPuMRbW","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"論理的な思考力がない"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between mb-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"text-left text-xs text-caption","children":["クリップ(",33,") コメント(",2,")"]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-right text-xs text-caption","children":"6/18 13:50"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark 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覚えればできるようになることはちゃんとできるのですが、思考力が問われる問題にはとても苦手意識があります。\n頭がいいとよく言われますが、暗記して点をとっているだけで、自分は考える能力が劣っていることを自覚しているため、自分はバカなんだなとずっと思っています。\n\n言われたことしかできない大人にもなりたくないですし、、、\n\nこれから大変な夏休みに入りますが、ひたすら問題を解くだけでなく、しっかりと頭で考えて、読解力や応用力を身に付けたいです。何がいいアドバイスをください。"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"pt-4","children":["$","$L14",null,{}]}],null]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"回答"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L15",null,{"adviserImageUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_CEAF98C87EF443149194001C9733F7F0.jpg?alt=media&token=eaa8a8d0-07d2-46a7-9c25-ea8f10538907","adviserName":"まある🌼","adviserDepartment":"早稲田大学文学部","adviceId":"GhraamsBTqPwDZPuMRbW"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark 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など、形を決めてマークをつけておくのも◎）や内容の「＋（良いこと）」「−（悪いこと）」をしっかりと捉えることが大切です。\n\n上記の作業に何時間かけてもいいと思います。じっくり分析し、問題を解く上ではどこが重要なのかを探ることでなんとなく感覚をつかめると思います。\n\n受かった人がみんな入試当日の文章を完璧に理解していたかと言われればそうではありません。（少なくとも私は理解してません、笑）\n大事なのは着眼点です。文の流れを掴んだ上で、重要な部分を見極める力をつけてください。\n\n拙い文章で長々と申し訳ないです。質問者さんの健闘を祈っております！"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L16",null,{"adviserImageUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_CEAF98C87EF443149194001C9733F7F0.jpg?alt=media&token=eaa8a8d0-07d2-46a7-9c25-ea8f10538907","adviserName":"まある🌼","adviserDepartment":"早稲田大学文学部","adviceId":"GhraamsBTqPwDZPuMRbW","numberOfFan":11,"clipsAvg":13,"adviceRateAvg":4.375,"profile":"\n"}]}],["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://ck.jp.ap.valuecommerce.com/servlet/referral?sid=3364577&pid=884970531&vc_url=http%3A%2F%2Fshingakunet.com%2F%3Fvos%3Dnrmnvccp0000100","rel":"nofollow","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/document_request_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink 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12:27"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs whitespace-pre-wrap","children":"同じように悩んでいた方が早稲田大学の方にいらっしゃって心強いです、、、\nコメントが遅くなってしまいましたが、アドバイスを頂いてから、テーマを常に意識しながら読めるようになりました。現代文で意識してるように、と考えるとわかりやすいですね！ \nとっても参考になるアドバイスをありがとうございます！練習を重ねていきます！"}]]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mr-2","children":["$","$L19",null,{"avatarUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_CEAF98C87EF443149194001C9733F7F0.jpg?alt=media&token=eaa8a8d0-07d2-46a7-9c25-ea8f10538907","contributorName":"まある🌼","adviceId":"GhraamsBTqPwDZPuMRbW"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-2","children":["$","$L1a",null,{"contributorName":"まある🌼","adviceId":"GhraamsBTqPwDZPuMRbW"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption","children":"6/24 8:23"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs 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mb-1","children":"自分は現代文が中学生の頃からとても苦手でした。\nそもそもどうやって勉強したらいいかわからないからです。数学とか英語ならある程度勉強のステップが明確ですが、国語は問題を解く以外に方法が無く、問題解いて、解答見て、はーなるほど。ってなって。\n次の問題解いたところで点数が上がっていくものではなかったからです。\n\nでも、国語はあえて〝ステップ化〟することで、勉強しやすくなります。\n\nよく考えてみれば国語を解く時、みんな同じステップを辿っています。\n\n【読む→質問に答える】\n\nこの繰り返しです。\n\nということは、それぞれのステップを勉強する必要があります。数学が【定義を知る→応用する】、英語が【単語、文法を学ぶ→文を読む→文章を読む】と言うふうに。\n\nではまず、読む、から。\n読む、というのは意外にも難しいことです。\n国語は日本語なので、日本語を読むこと自体は息をするくらい簡単にできます。\nしかし、それでは国語ができていません。\n\n国語という教科自体が成立しているのは、皆さんがスラスラ日本語を読める反面、それでは相手の伝えたいことの根幹を受け取ることができていないからです。\n\n何が言いたいのかというと、自分たちの読み方が間違えているという自覚が必要である。ということです。\n\nだから国語という教科で、それを矯正していくのです。\n\n高校生のための現代文ガイダンス\nちくま評論文の読み方 \n五味渕典嗣・塚原政和・吉田 光 編\n\n上記の本はよく難関私立高校の夏休みの課題で使用されることの多いテキストです。このテキストはものの読み方、筆者の主張の取り方、論理のとりかた、さらには文章構成などのさまざまなエッセンスを取り込んでいます。\n\nぜひ、一度読んでみてください。割と安価なので。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"早稲田　読めない"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"おっしゃる通りです。\nまず、前提として、抽象度の高い(興味が無い)文章に出くわしたとき、意味を完全に理解しようとしてはなりません。\n入試現代文では、特に共通テストなんかではかなり顕著でしょうが、ずばり｢客観的・論理的読解力｣が試されています。例えばどこぞの地域を対象にした考古学の学術研究プロセスの話をダラダラと(現代文は基本同じことを形を変えてだらだら記述されたもの)されても｢意味わからんわ｣となるわけです。我々は専門家ではないので、真に受けて真髄を理解しようとするのはナンセンスでしょう。\n\n2次試験(個別試験)の現代文は、私個人的の推測では、誤解を恐れずしてゆわば、難解であったり当人に目新しい分野の文献を読み解く際に\n性格にその論を辿ることができる力を試すもの、\n\nあるいは、自信で論を展開するに際して、論理的に筋の通った文章を作成できる素養を確認しているのだと考えています。\n\nそういったことを念頭に置けば、割合気楽に早稲田の現代文に当たられないでしょうか。\n\n筆者が1番主張することや、対比している内容、批判している通説などは\n彼(彼女)の筆致から伺い知れます。あるいは伺い知れるところしか設問になりえません。(特に共感テストは答えが割れては大問題ですのでここは綿密)\n\n是非、普段の読解練習や参考書、講師の解説から\n如何なるベクトルの内容にも適用可能な｢客観的読解法｣を学んでください。\n\n追記になりますが、\n読む文章をいちいち要約(100字程度)するのが有意義か知れません。要約の営みは、文全体に対して正確な客観的読解法を適用しなければなせませんから。\n\nよく寝て、よく食べて、\n体調に気をつけつつ栄冠を勝ち取ってください。応援しています。🎌"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"現代文がいくらやっても伸びない"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"早稲田文学部の者です。まず、過去問をやりっぱなしにせず、自分なりに復習をしているのは素晴らしいと思います。「いくらやっても」とのことなので、読む量、解く量は確保できているのだろうと思いました。その上で伸び悩んでいるのならば、問題を解くというアウトプットはしているが、知識をつけるというインプットができていない、もしくは足りていないのかもしれません。大学受験で出題される現代文は、大学教授が研究のために読むものだと思ってください。当然、書かれている内容も難解なものが多いです。そのような文章に対処するためには、文中で使用される語句の意味が分かっていることがとても大切です。論説に使われている語句は大方似たり寄ったりなので、インターネットで「現代文　語句」などと検索していただければ良いまとめサイトに行きつけると思います。また、漢字の勉強もしっかり行ってください。万が一知らない言葉に遭遇した時、手掛かりになってくれます。最後の追い込み、頑張ってください。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"現代文が理解できない"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"お疲れ様です‼️初めまして、私の回答が少しでもあなたの力になればと思いコメントさせてもらいます。\n\n現代文が抽象的である場合、多くの受験生は難しく感じるようです。\n\nそこで抽象的な文章への対策をお話します。\n\n☆読みながら先の展開を予測する\nある程度読み進めた段階で本文のテーマを掴んで結論を予測しながら読みましょう。\n決めつけすぎるのも良くないので読みながらそれを修正していきます。設問やタイトルもヒントになります。\nまたこれが出来るようになるには背景知識も知る必要があります。\n\nex 西洋と日本の対比(テーマ)▶︎西洋批判、普遍、日本の特異性(結論)etc\n\n☆背景知識を知る\n『現代文キーワード読解』という参考書は、テーマ別によく出てくる語彙、キーワードの意味を実際に出てきた問題文と共に解説しているものです。とにかく1つ1つのテーマに対して知識が膨らみます。ぜひ1度書店で手に取ってみてください。\n\n☆自分の言葉に直す練習をする\nつまりこういうこと、と文の塊ごとに自分の言葉で説明したり全体の要旨をまとめたりする練習をしましょう。普段から空欄に一言自分の言葉にする意識をするだけで随分と力が着きます。\n\n☆自分の解き方を客観視してみる\nどういう事を意識して問題を解けばいいのか、今どういうふうに解いているのかノートに書出してみましょう。\n\nex\n根拠を明確に持っているか\n背景知識を知っているか\n問題文を先に読む\nタイトル問題があるか\n内容一致が満遍なくあるもしくは偏っている場所にあるか\n空白にメモをとる、自分の言葉にする\n言い換えetc…\n\nと言った具合にノートに正しい解き方を明記してください。そうすれば我流の波のある解き方から脱却できます。\nそのためにも参考書学習は必要不可欠です。\n\n4つ程紹介しましたが、最後に、普段から取り組む問題は実際の過去問やそれに準ずる難易度のものを解くようにしてください。現代文に限らず低いレベルを解いていても永遠に難しい問題が解けるようになりません。難しい問題でしか磨かれないので徹底的に脳をいじめましょう。\n\nそれでは参考程度に！頑張ってください‼️\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"ひたすら解くだけ？"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"ひたすら問題を解いて解説を読むだけではなかなか力はつきづらいです。\n重要なのは、解説を読んで、自分の回答のどこが間違っていたかを理解し、次はどうすれば間違えないかまで考えることです。これをやる人とやらない人ではとんでもなく差が出ます。\n\n大体の受験生は、勉強を「やる」ことを重視します。やった時間は何時間とか、今日進めることができた参考書は何ページとかです。現文においても、文章を読んで問題を解き終わった時点で、勉強した気になりませんか？「あー、終わった」と。時によっては答え合わせが面倒で、やらないこともありませんか？\n\nところが頭のいい人、伸びる人はそうではありません。自分がいかに「やったか」ではなく「成長したか」を重視します。問題を解くことがゴールではなく、問題を解いて、解説を読んで、自分のどこが間違っていたかを理解して、次どうすれば間違えないかまで落とし込むことがゴールです。そこまで考えられる人が、伸びる人です。決して解くだけでは終わらせません。むしろ本番はその後なのです。\n\nさて、やや話が逸れましたが、ここまでできればひたすら数をこなすことである程度は力がつきます。\n\nもう一歩、ジャンプアップしたい方は、ぜひ「ロジカルシンキング」という本を買って、読んでください。論理的思考力を鍛えるための本です。鍛えるというか、論理的思考力とはどういう考え方かを紹介していて、中に例題も数題あります。\n\n受験期という大変忙しい中で、あえて受験とは直接関係のない本を読むかどうかはお任せします。が、個人的にはなぜロジカルシンキングの授業がないのか理解できないほど、現文はロジカルシンキングで簡単に解けるようになります。\n\n頑張ってください。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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