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whitespace-pre-wrap","children":[["$","div","advice-part-0",{"children":[null,"はじめまして！\n\n意味論から説明すると、O(目的語)はS(主語)の動作(≒V(動詞))の対象になります。一方C(補語)はSの性質だったり属性を示します。\nよく言われるのが、補語は主語の説明になるが故に「S=C」、主語の動作の対象が主語自身ということはあまりないので「S≠O」という説明がされます。\n\n次に文法論から説明します。こちらの方が実践的です。\n目的語が名詞しか取らないのはご存知の通りです。補語が厄介で名詞と形容詞を取ります。では名詞をとる時と形容詞をとる時に目印があるのかとというとありません。ではどう見分けるのか。\n答えは文型です。補語をとる文型は第二分系、目的語をとるのは第三文型(第四、第五は一旦無視します)です。第三文型は多くの動詞を取るのでこれを積極法的に確定するのは難しいですが、実は第二文型をとる動詞は多くないです。すなわち、動詞の後に名詞が来る時、動詞が第二文型を取るならその名詞は補語の可能性大、そうでないなら第三文型となりその名詞は目的語になる、という理解です。\nでは肝心の第二文型をとる動詞ですが、もちろん自分でしっかり確認して欲しいのですが、以下の通りです。\nbe, get, go, become, turn, grow, come, keep, 知覚V\nちなみに知覚Vとは五感に関連する動詞らです(lookやsoundなど)。"]}],["$","div","advice-part-1",{"children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"my-4","children":["$","$L16",null,{"id":"adsbygoogle-init-on-advice-G53HzizmUtEal6Tj2zR7-1"}]}],"並びを見て恐らく「自動詞が多い」と感じたかもしれません。実は第二文型をとる動詞は自動詞ということになってます。getやkeepは他動詞も取りますが、第二文型となる時は自動詞になります。すなわち、他動詞として第三文型をとる時と自動詞として第二文型をとる時で意味が変わるので注意です。\nその両者で意味がどう変わるか、そして並べた動詞の意味はどうなのかは自分で調べてください笑。自分で調べた方が記憶に残るし、何より説得力が違います。\n\n最後、ついでにM(修飾語)について。\n文法論的な説明をすると、Mをとるのは副詞のみです。SVOC以外の要素がこれに分類されます。すなわち、動詞の後の名詞をまずはCかどうか判定して(上述により実は動詞の時点で確定する)、CでなければOとなり、SVOCが確定した後にそれ以外をMとする、という流れです。\n意味論的な解釈としては、Mは文章自体あるいはその文章の核(主節)となる動詞を修飾します。一方でOだったりCは文章(≒文型)を構成する不可欠な要素です。そういう意味ではMはなくてもよい要素、なくしても意味が破綻しない要素と言われています。\n\n以上、O,C,Mの説明でした。\nもちろんここでの説明はあくまで原則なので、これを読んでおけばなんでも通用するとは思わないでください。これを念頭に置いて1つずつ当てはめていって理解を深めてください。\nもっと具体的に聞きたい等あればコメントください！"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://ck.jp.ap.valuecommerce.com/servlet/referral?sid=3364577&pid=884970531&vc_url=http%3A%2F%2Fshingakunet.com%2F%3Fvos%3Dnrmnvccp0000100","rel":"nofollow","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/document_request_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink パンフレットバナー画像","className":"mt-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"pt-4","children":["$","$L17",null,{"id":"adsbygoogle-init-under-advice"}]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between","children":[["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold","children":["コメント(",9,")"]}],["$","$L18",null,{"adviceId":"G53HzizmUtEal6Tj2zR7"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"divide-y","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mr-2","children":["$","$L19",null,{"avatarUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_hJ1jQEqgqEX283f3m9054X8LQO32.jpg?alt=media&token=a0aa33cd-b92b-4527-a618-1b51c6f29642","contributorName":"もも","adviceId":"G53HzizmUtEal6Tj2zR7"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-2","children":["$","$L1a",null,{"contributorName":"もも","adviceId":"G53HzizmUtEal6Tj2zR7"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption","children":"8/14 0:30"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs whitespace-pre-wrap","children":"ご回答ありがとうございます！\n物分りが悪くてすみません。第二文型、第三文型、SVC、SVOC、SVOなど聞いたことはあるのですが、それぞれがどれに当てはまるのか。また見分け方がわからないです😭\nおすすめの参考書ありますか？いま入門英文問題精講を買ったのでやろうとしているところです！"}]]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mr-2","children":["$","$L19",null,{"avatarUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_C548AA21B05845BE959F25D7C49FCB86.jpg?alt=media&token=2ffea50c-d5bc-45de-a729-2e824762246d","contributorName":"31","adviceId":"G53HzizmUtEal6Tj2zR7"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-2","children":["$","$L1a",null,{"contributorName":"31","adviceId":"G53HzizmUtEal6Tj2zR7"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption","children":"8/14 7:11"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs whitespace-pre-wrap","children":"第一文型SVM←動詞の後ろに名詞も形容詞もこない\n第二文型SVC←本文に上げた動詞の後ろに名詞か形容詞\n第三文型SVO←他のどれにも当てはまらない\n第四文型SVOO←動詞の後ろに名詞が2つ並ぶ\n第五文型SVOC←動詞の後ろに名詞その後ろに形容詞\n注意としては名詞は句や節、形容詞は分詞のこともあります"}]]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mr-2","children":["$","$L19",null,{"avatarUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_C548AA21B05845BE959F25D7C49FCB86.jpg?alt=media&token=2ffea50c-d5bc-45de-a729-2e824762246d","contributorName":"31","adviceId":"G53HzizmUtEal6Tj2zR7"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-2","children":["$","$L1a",null,{"contributorName":"31","adviceId":"G53HzizmUtEal6Tj2zR7"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption","children":"8/14 7:16"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs whitespace-pre-wrap","children":"入門英文問題精講は中身は見てないですが、長文読解に特化した文法書のようです。いつかは必要になる内容だとは思いますが、もっと基本的なやつから始めた方がいい気はします。\nおすすめの参考書はないです。別に意地悪したいとかではなく、結局人によってわかりやすい説明や理解が進むまとめ方は異なるからです。本屋に行って色々立ち読みして分かりやすそうな本を自分で選びましょう(私が受験生の頃も本屋にめちゃくちゃ通いました)。結局それが一番確実です！\n"}]]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mr-2","children":["$","$L19",null,{"avatarUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_hJ1jQEqgqEX283f3m9054X8LQO32.jpg?alt=media&token=a0aa33cd-b92b-4527-a618-1b51c6f29642","contributorName":"もも","adviceId":"G53HzizmUtEal6Tj2zR7"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-2","children":["$","$L1a",null,{"contributorName":"もも","adviceId":"G53HzizmUtEal6Tj2zR7"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption","children":"8/14 13:19"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs whitespace-pre-wrap","children":"すみません…やっぱり4、5文型がわかりませ"}]]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mr-2","children":["$","$L19",null,{"avatarUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_C548AA21B05845BE959F25D7C49FCB86.jpg?alt=media&token=2ffea50c-d5bc-45de-a729-2e824762246d","contributorName":"31","adviceId":"G53HzizmUtEal6Tj2zR7"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-2","children":["$","$L1a",null,{"contributorName":"31","adviceId":"G53HzizmUtEal6Tj2zR7"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption","children":"8/14 14:03"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs whitespace-pre-wrap","children":"説明する分に問題ないのですがコメントだと文字制限もあるので少しやりにくい💦\n僕にメッセージ送ることはできますか？"}]]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mr-2","children":["$","$L19",null,{"avatarUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_hJ1jQEqgqEX283f3m9054X8LQO32.jpg?alt=media&token=a0aa33cd-b92b-4527-a618-1b51c6f29642","contributorName":"もも","adviceId":"G53HzizmUtEal6Tj2zR7"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-2","children":["$","$L1a",null,{"contributorName":"もも","adviceId":"G53HzizmUtEal6Tj2zR7"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption","children":"8/15 0:21"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs whitespace-pre-wrap","children":"すみません。やり方がわからないです> <"}]]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mr-2","children":["$","$L19",null,{"avatarUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_C548AA21B05845BE959F25D7C49FCB86.jpg?alt=media&token=2ffea50c-d5bc-45de-a729-2e824762246d","contributorName":"31","adviceId":"G53HzizmUtEal6Tj2zR7"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-2","children":["$","$L1a",null,{"contributorName":"31","adviceId":"G53HzizmUtEal6Tj2zR7"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption","children":"8/15 7:27"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs whitespace-pre-wrap","children":"ではここで。まず第四文型から。Vの後に[名詞1][名詞2]と名詞が並ぶのは説明した通りですが、[名詞1]はSがVする相手、そして[名詞2]はVによって[名詞1]にもたらされるものやことになります。よってどちらの名詞もVの対象となるということで目的語Oとなります(SV[O1][O2]という形)。名詞の順番によって意味が決まるので要注意です。そしてこの第四文型を取る動詞というのもそんなに多くないです(調べてみてください)。"}]]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mr-2","children":["$","$L19",null,{"avatarUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_C548AA21B05845BE959F25D7C49FCB86.jpg?alt=media&token=2ffea50c-d5bc-45de-a729-2e824762246d","contributorName":"31","adviceId":"G53HzizmUtEal6Tj2zR7"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-2","children":["$","$L1a",null,{"contributorName":"31","adviceId":"G53HzizmUtEal6Tj2zR7"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption","children":"8/15 7:27"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs whitespace-pre-wrap","children":"次に第五文型。Vの後に[名詞1][名詞2or形容詞]となり、名詞が2つ並ぶと第四文型と同じ形になります。意味としては、[名詞1]はVする相手、[名詞2or形容詞]はVによって判明or変化した[名詞1]の性質や属性になります。よって[名詞1]は目的語O、[名詞2or形容詞]は補語Cとなります(SVOCという形)。肝心の第四文型との見分け方ですが、やはり第五文型をとる動詞は限られています。つまり第四文型も第五文型も積極法的に判別できます。"}]]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mr-2","children":["$","$L19",null,{"avatarUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_C548AA21B05845BE959F25D7C49FCB86.jpg?alt=media&token=2ffea50c-d5bc-45de-a729-2e824762246d","contributorName":"31","adviceId":"G53HzizmUtEal6Tj2zR7"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-2","children":["$","$L1a",null,{"contributorName":"31","adviceId":"G53HzizmUtEal6Tj2zR7"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption","children":"8/15 7:28"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs whitespace-pre-wrap","children":"第四文型と第五文型の意味論的な違いですが、第二文型と第三文型の違いと実は同じです。第四文型の[名詞2]は[名詞1]にもたらされるもの・ことなので[名詞1]=[名詞2]となる状況はほとんどありません。少し攻めた理解をすると、Sという外因によって[名詞1]=S'が[名詞2]=O'にVさせられるという第三文型の入れ子構造になります。要するに原則[名詞1]≠[名詞2]です。一方第五文型の[名詞2or形容詞]は判明or変化した[名詞1]の性質や属性なので[名詞1]=[名詞2or形容詞]となり、第二文型の入れ子構造になります。"}]]}]]}]]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold","children":"よく一緒に読まれている人気の回答"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"divide-y","children":[["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"/advice/qsDJwmUBTqPwDZPuEVIW","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"flex items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"名詞節ifとbe動詞について"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"ifの〜かどうか と訳す名詞節での話ですよね？\n\nifの名詞節は他動詞の目的語、もしくは形式主語を立てて真の主語に置く場合のみ使用可能です\nそこから考えると、be動詞の直後にifの名詞節が来るとは考えられないので、その問題で何か勘違いをされていませんか？"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 4-4-1.79-4-4-4zm0 10c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 4v2h16v-2c0-2.66-5.33-4-8-4z","children":[]}]]],"style":{"color":"$undefined"},"height":16,"width":16,"xmlns":"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs","children":["早稲田大学商学部"," ","い"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"動詞の語法の覚え方"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"はじめまして！\n\n動詞の語法ですが、最終的に頭にさえ入ればいいので絶対こうしないといけないというのはないです。むしろ人それぞれ合うやり方があるので色々試してみるといいかと思います。それが分からないから質問している！と思うかもしれませんが、｢覚え方｣よりも先に｢覚える内容｣について少し言及させてください。\n\n語法を覚えたいとのことですが、恐らく知らない単語がたくさん…と言うより知ってる単語に新たに知識を紐づけることに苦戦しているのかと思います。ただ全く新しい内容よりかはそういえば見た事・聞いた事あるような語法も割とあるかと思います。そういう時は新しく覚えるというより今まで見てきたものを整理する意識が大切です。\n\n結論から言うと、文型を意識するとかなりスッキリすると思います。\n例えば第四文型や第五文型をとる動詞はそこまで多くないので、まとめて覚えておく(調べれば色々出てくると思います)。\n第一文型(自動詞)と第三文型(他動詞)の両方をとる動詞もありますが、それも頻出分はまとめて覚えておく。また、自動詞の活用とと他動詞の活用で意味を分けて見るそれぞれで通ずるところが多いことがあります。\n\n最も大変なのが前置詞を伴う活用かと思います。\n多くの動詞には相性がいい前置詞があります。なので前置詞ごとではなく、各動詞が相性のいい前置詞を抑えておく方が効率的です。意外とそういうのは単語帳の隅に記載されてることが多いので、そういう所を中心にもう一周するのも手です。\n\nここで覚え方ですが、色々整理してみるとそこまで多くないと思います。書いた方が覚えられるなら書けばいいし、毎日目を通すだけで十分ならそれでいいと思います。僕自身ただ一覧リストを渡されると｢どう覚えたらいいんだ？｣とパニックになりますが、覚えるべきことが分かってからは早かったです。しきさんもまずはそれを意識してみると色々やり方が自ずと見えてくるかと思います。\n\n以上です。\n私なりの解釈で回答したので、聞きたいことと違う！と思った場合は申し訳ないです。また追加で質問していただければ対応します。\nそれでは勉強頑張ってください！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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