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1c:T17c6,古文漢文のおすすめの勉強方法について私が高校時代にやっていたことをお伝えします。勉強の順番はどうしても古文→漢文の順番になるので、その順に説明します。

【１】古文の勉強は何から始めるべきか
古文や漢文の勉強は日常生活で使わない言語を読み解くという点で、英語の勉強と類似しているところがあります。最初に取り組むべき勉強も英語と似ています。

ずばり、最初に取り組むべき古文の勉強は単語と文法です。

単語と文法が分からなければ文章を読めないのは英語と同じです。そして、多くの古文が苦手な人はこの二つがほとんど出来ていません。

(１)古文単語の勉強方法
まずは、古文単語の勉強方法についてです。
参考書は何を使っても構いません。基本的には学校で配られたものを使ってください。どうしてもやる気が出ない場合には新しく買うのもモチベーションアップにつながるので良いと思います。

古文単語はどの参考書でも300～350くらいに収まっていると思います。逆に新しく買う場合には、単語の数がこの範囲に収まっているものをおすすめします。今回は使用する単語帳を330単語だと仮定して進めます。これを一か月で完成させます。

一か月で330単語を覚えるにはどうすればいいでしょうか。よくあるのは、一日11単語覚えると30日で330単語覚えられるというものですが、なかなか難しいでしょう。全部終わるころには、最初の11単語なんて完全に忘れてしまいます。もっと間隔を短くして、回数をこなすことが大切です。

66個/日×5日で一周してください。
つまり、一日で66単語やります。番号順に１～66番まで取り組んでください。二日目は67からです。5日後に330番まで到達したら、6日目からはまた同じように1番から取り組みます。

5日で1セットの周回を6回繰り返します。5日×6周で30日(一か月)で完成します。5日という間隔と6回という回数が大切なので、必ず毎日取り組むようにしてください。

(２)古文文法の勉強方法
次に古文文法についてです。
古文の文法で一番重要なのは助動詞です。助動詞→敬語→助詞→(和歌→文学史）の順番で取り組むのが良いと思います。

助動詞については、未然形接続、連用形接続、終止形接続の助動詞を覚えることから始めてください。語呂合わせでもなんでも構いません。助動詞を言われたら接続をすぐに答えることができる状態にはしておいてください。それがすべて覚え終わったら個々の助動詞の意味と用法について覚えていってください。

敬語については、敬語の種類について理解することが大切です。尊敬語・謙譲語・丁寧語も現代語と意味が異なることがあるので注意して取り組んでみてください。

文法は少し大変だと思いますが、参考書や映像授業(スタサプなど)を活用して進めてみてください。ちなみに私は「岡本梨奈の一冊読むだけで～」のシリーズを使っていました。すらすら読めるので、おすすめです。

【２】漢文の勉強方法について
(１)基礎的な漢文の勉強方法
漢文の勉強は古文の勉強がある程度済んでいれば、割とすらすらと進みます。古文の文法が分かっていれば、読解にはあまり苦労しないと思います。古文の文法の勉強に加えて、独特な語順(再読文字、返読文字)と句法についての勉強をしていればある程度読めるようになります。

漢文の参考書として有名なのは、「漢文早覚え速答法」や「漢文ヤマのヤマ」などを使えば受験で必要なレベルに持っていくことはできると思います。

(２)＋α漢文の読み方
漢文の勉強は上記の方法で取り組めば基本的には間違いがなく十分ですが、漢文を得意科目にまで押し上げるための漢文の読み方についても伝えておきます。

この漢文の読み方が出来れば、共通テストの漢文の文章は5分かからずに読み終えることができるようになるでしょう。共通テストの国語の時間がいつも足りないような人は参考にしてみてください。

その方法とは漢文の語順に注目するというものです。漢文は基本的には英語と同じでSVOの語順で並んでいます。例えば「聖人治天下」という文章があれば、聖人がS、治がV、天下がOになり、書き下し文にすると「聖人が天下を治む」という形になります。この語順を意識した読み方が出来れば、漢文を白文のまま読むことができるのできるので、結果として返り点を意識しなくても良くなるので、読むのは速くなります。

このSVOの語順に反するパターンもあります。それが(１)でも記した独特な語順(再読文字、返読文字)と句法です。そのため、白文のまま読むこのやり方は効果はテキメンですが、慣れるまでにそれなりに時間もかかります。自分の受験までの残り時間と漢文を受験でどれくらい使うのかを天秤にかけて考えてチャレンジしてみるかどうかは決めてください。

この応用的な読み方にも基本的な漢文の勉強にも適応した参考書として古文でも挙げた「岡本梨奈の一冊読むだけで～」のシリーズをおすすめします。


これらが古文と漢文の勉強方法についてです。頑張って取り組んでみてください。1d:Tc17,✅古文の勉強方法。基礎から。

古文に関してはとりあえず単語と文法。古文の単語、文法に関してはまじ重要。他の科目よりも単語と文法の重要度の比率が大きく感じます。

まず単語に関しては単語帳一冊を完璧にすれば大丈夫だと思います。ただ古文単語に関してはすぐに忘れてしまうので夏休み中に完璧にして2学期以降にもしっかりと触れていきたいです。覚え方としては、とにかく見る回数を増やす！単純ですが本当に大事です。1回1回覚えるつもりがなくても見る回数を増やしていけば自然と覚えていきます。もしくは音声学習も有効的です。CD付きの単語帳、もしくは自分のスマートフォンにその単語の意味を吹き込んでCD代わりにするなどの方法もあります。古文単語は高32学期以降もしっかりと取り組んでいきたい。なんせ単語がわからないと文脈が全く掴めない。単語は定期的に目を通しておきましょう。

次に文法に関しては一冊文法の参考書をやるので充分。自分は参考までに河合塾出版のステップアップノートを使っていました。（灰色）私大、センター含めて難しい文法問題はそこまで出ない印象です。だからこそできないと差がついてしまいます。最低限はやっておくようにしましょう。文法は差がつかない分できないと終わります。なので最低限はしっかりと。尊敬語の部分はより力を入れたいですね。主語判定で1番大事になってくるので。

最後に長文。長文読解には単語と文法以外にも背景知識が必要です。有名な作品（源氏物語や落窪物語）に関しては漫画を買って背景知識を入れていました。その他にも宮中の作りや武士のしきたりなど意外と重要ではないかと思われる背景知識が直接問われはしないものの読解においてキーワードになる場合があります。しっかりと背景知識は入れておきましょう。背景知識をしっかりと入れておくと文中の主語が誰なのかが一層分かるようになります。古文は文中の主語が誰なのかがとても重要ですので自分で長文読解の演出に取り組む際にも意識してほしいです。おすすめの問題集は旺文社出版の全レベル問題集③.④です。この問題集は解説が素晴らしいと言うか癖がないです。なのでオススメ。教わっている先生に癖があろうともこの問題はオススメできますね。

🔷おすすめの参考書。🔷

単語👉古文単語帳 ex古文単語315 古文単語フォーミュラ600

文法👉ステップアップノート（灰色）

長文👉旺文社全レベル問題集②〜④

古文常識👉源氏でわかる古文常識（漫画）

速読古文常識

過去問👉早稲田の国語2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=FdzObWcBTqPwDZPuR8Z2","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"古文の勉強の仕方"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between mb-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"text-left text-xs text-caption","children":["クリップ(",40,") コメント(",2,")"]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-right text-xs text-caption","children":"12/2 16:24"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark 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16:34"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs whitespace-pre-wrap","children":"ありがとうございます！\nとても分かりやすかったです！！"}]]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mr-2","children":["$","$L19",null,{"avatarUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_DEB4505C4B374D2ABA561D56CC398B91.jpg?alt=media&token=1f52ed2e-6b93-463a-8b18-ab578f2531ab","contributorName":"K.K","adviceId":"FdzObWcBTqPwDZPuR8Z2"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-2","children":["$","$L1a",null,{"contributorName":"K.K","adviceId":"FdzObWcBTqPwDZPuR8Z2"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption","children":"12/2 16:50"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs whitespace-pre-wrap","children":"iaoさん\n良かったです、頑張ってください。"}]]}]]}]]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"文法と単語は出来るのに"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"古文の全体的な流れですが、\n助動詞・動詞の活用及び用法の全暗記\n⇩\n助詞、その他単語帳を使った単語の暗記\n⇩\n基礎レベルからの演習\n⇩\n演習・単語の継続\n\nです。ただ、他のどの教科よりもフィーリングや個人の感覚に委ねられる部分が大きいような気もしています。苦手意識を無くすことは時間をかけるだけでも解決しますが、安定して得点を取れるようにするためには上記の流れを固める必要があるでしょう。\n\n\n読解で意識するべきは、まずは単語の暗記、特に動詞の敬語の意味や主語・目的関係の暗記です。これが出来ていないと、得点は絶対に取れません。\n\n次に大切なのは、1度解いた問題をとにかく復習することです。\n問題を解ききり、丸付けをするだけで終えていないでしょうか？\n\n１度解いた問題は、まずは知らなかった単語を全てピックアップし、それらを覚えます。\n次に、現代語訳と見比べ、自分が誤って解釈してしまった文章に印をつけ、その文章をとにかく正しく解釈出来るまで調べ上げます。\nそもそも単語を知らなかったのか、活用や動詞などの意味を誤ったのか、目的や対象を誤ったのか、誤読の原因をとにかく分析するのです。\n\nその後、２～３回読み返しましょう。ここまでやって、復習したと言えるのです。\n\n\n個人的な見解ですが、単語は実際に文章内で使われている場面を見ない限りは覚えにくいと思います。また、共通テストレベルの問題は非常に難しく、初期段階で触れるには早すぎだと思います。まずはかなりレベルを落とした参考書や私立大の過去問を参照しましょう。（私は大東亜レベル⇒日東駒専レベル⇒GMARCH・センター⇒共通レベル⇒二次試験レベルとレベルを上げつつ演習しました。）\n\n参考にしてください"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"言語文化の勉強法"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"私は古文漢文が得意だったのでお答えします！\n\n単語はめちゃくちゃ大切です！でもまずは助動詞を覚えましょう！！助動詞が分からないと文脈がとれません。（否定を肯定で取ったり、使役を尊敬で取ったりしてしまうと意味がわからなくなる）\n\n助動詞を覚えるメリットはたくさんあります。\n主語が特定しやすくなる、文脈を掴みやすくなる、共テの文法問題が解けるようになる、品詞分解ができるようになる！！逆に言えば助動詞が分からないと何も分からないということです。\n\n私はブツブツ助動詞を唱えて覚えました。帰り道に「る、らる、す、さす、しむ、ず、じ、む、むず、まし、まほし……」（未然形接続の助動詞すべて）とかつぶやいてました笑 YouTubeにも覚え方を解説した動画があるのでぜひ\n\n私は助動詞を覚えてから品詞分解をするのが大好きになりました笑\n\n\n【私の古文漢文参考書ルート】\n＊古文\nスタサプ古文文法（岡本梨奈）→Z会古文上達（基礎）→共テ演習、過去問演習（単語は日々コツコツ）\n\n＊漢文\n早覚え速答法→共テ演習、過去問演習（句形は日々コツコツ）\n\n古文漢文の魅力は「少しの文法と単語を覚えれば、昔の人と同じ気持ちを共有できる」ことです！！昔の人も「小さいものはかわいい」って思ってたんだ！私と同じ！みたいなそういう発見をしながら勉強していくのが良いと思います。\n\n質問があればお答えします！\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"古文漢文の勉強法"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"・古文を勉強する際に意識すべきこと\n\n①助動詞、古文単語等の暗記物は抜かりなく\n→これらが曖昧だと読めるようになりません\n\n②敬語をしっかり理解すること\n→主語が省略されがちな古文において敬語を理解することで主語が把握でき、正確な読解に繋がります。\n\n③英語だと思った方が良い\n→これは主観的ではありますが、古文は現代語とは全く異なるものです。なので、日本語ではなく別の言語だと思った方がやりやすいと思います。例えば、「已然形＋「ば」はbecause的なもの」「反実仮想のましかは仮定法のifみたいなもの」といった理解をしていました。\n\n④重要なのは品詞分解\n→全文訳をするよりは、品詞分解をした方がいいと思います。\n\n食は/ばや/\nハ行四段活用の「食ふ」/未然形接続の終助詞ばや\n\nといった形です。打ち消しの「ぬ」と完了の「ぬ」ってありますよね？これらが文章でごっちゃになると、どっちだか分からなくなってしまいます。このように判別が難しい単語や助動詞をしっかりと区別するために品詞分解が重要になります(読解上も大切です)。英文解釈が重要なのと同じ要領ですね。\n\n・漢文を勉強する際に意識すべきこと\n\n①ある程度の古文の基礎力が前提\n→故にある程度古文をやってから漢文の勉強を始めるといいと思います。\n\n②大事なのは句形暗記\n→古文で助動詞が大切ならば、漢文の核は句形です。抜かりなく覚えましょう。\n\n③漢字と意味の暗記\n→「苟」や「況」といったように漢文独特の漢字が割とありますので、それらの意味も抑えましょう。古文単語みたいなものです。\n\nおすすめの参考書の流れは\n\n・古典文法基礎ドリル(河合塾のオレンジのやつ)\n↓\n・古文上達基礎45\n↓\n・漢文早覚え即答法\n\nです。\n\n頑張ってください！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"古文漢文の復習方法"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは！\n古文も漢文も、問題を解き終わった長文は音読練習をするのが良いと思います！\n\n【古文編】\n問題を解き終わったら、品詞分解と現代語訳をできるだけ自分でやってみましょう。\n\nできるだけすべての単語について、品詞と活用の種類や活用形を判別できるようにすると強いと思います。文法の参考書もこまめに参照しましょう。\n品詞分解は、いちいち「形容詞」「サ行四段活用」などと書いていると面倒なので、\n僕は動詞は赤、助動詞は青などと色を決めて単語に線を引いていました！\n\nまた重要な単語は、辞書や単語帳で確認しておきましょう。\n\nここまででなんとなく自分で現代語訳ができると思います。\nそれが終わったら解答解説を見て正しい現代語訳を確認し、\n最後に長文を音読します！\n\n品詞分解や単語調べのメモを見ながら音読すると、色々なことが一気に覚えられます！\n\n【漢文編】\n漢文の教材は、\n出てきた句法と重要な文字（用字）を確認します。\n\n参考書などで確認しながら、\n句法（句形）が使われている箇所をチェックして、訳し方などをメモしておきましょう。\n用字も使い方を確認しましょう。\n\nそのあとは古文編とほぼ同じですが、\n自分で現代語訳してみて、\n解説で確認してから、\nメモを見つつの音読の練習です！\n\n漢文の場合は、白文（訓点のない漢字だけの文）でも読めるくらい読み込みましょう！\n\n古文も漢文も暗記してしまうくらい読んでおけば、文法や語彙などさまざまなことが一気に覚えられ、読むスピードも速くすることができます！\n\n応援しています！\nまたいつでもご相談ください！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"古文について"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"まず古文単語の覚え方についてですが、基本的にはある古文単語に対して、それの一番頻出の現代語訳を覚えるという形で何周か繰り返し、一通り覚えたら派生語なども覚えていくと良いかと思います。この時注意すべきことは2つあります。1つは必ず覚えていることをテストで確かめることです。テストといっても、ある単語に対して現代語訳が何か何も見ずに思い出すという簡単なものです。タイミングについてはお任せしますが、例えばインプットした次の日とか、1週間、1カ月経ったあとなどがいいかと思います。2つ目は回転率を上げることです。何度も繰り返し覚えることで記憶は定着します。最初は時間が多少かかるかもしれませんが、なるべく1単語にかける時間は少なくして、単語帳を何周もするようにしましょう。何周もしているうちにやり方にもよりますが、1日の中で1周できるくらいにはなってきます。以上が注意点になります。ちなみに単語帳については、自分はゴロゴ(語呂で覚えたものはあまりなかったですが…)を使っていましたが、基本的になんでもいいです。好きなもので勉強してください。\n次に単語と文法を終わらせた後に取り組むべき参考書についてですが、『古文解釈の方法』という参考書をおすすめします。(主観になってしまいますが、個人的には自分が受験において1、2位を争うほど役に立った参考書でした。)この参考書は単語や文法を終わらせても実際に文章を読むとなるとイマイチ理解できないという方には特におすすめです。英語ではよく英文解釈の参考書をやる人が多いのですが、古文ではなぜかそのような参考書があまりなく、このプロセスを飛ばして実際の問題に取り組む人が多いのですが、個人的にこの参考書はその溝を埋めてくれる非常に大事な立ち位置にあると思います。ぜひ参考にしてみてください。また、この参考書は問題演習用ではないので、この参考書や文法などを実践的にアウトプットするための参考書として、『古文上達56』などの問題集をおすすめします。これは自分に合ったものを選んで頂ければと思います。\n最後になりますが、古文常識もできれば知っておくと便利です。参考書としては『マドンナ古文常識217』をおすすめします。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"勉強方法がわからない"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"古文読解に必要なものは、①文法知識②古文単語③時代背景の理解の3つです。\n\n①について。品詞分解が出来るなら基本事項は全て勉強しているのだと思います。品詞分解をする時、動詞、形容詞、形容動詞については活用系、助動詞については意味を書いていくといいと思います。動詞は敬語についても書いていきます。\n例↓\n原文\nいとやんごとなききはにはあらぬが、すぐれてときめきたまふありける。\n\n品詞分解\nいと|      やんごとなき|       きは|        に|               は|\n副詞    形 ク活用 の連用形     名    断定 連用形   係助詞\nあら|              ぬ|                      が|         \n動 ラ変 未    打消し 連体形    格助詞\nすぐれ|                    て|\nラ下二 連用形       接続助詞\nときめき|        たまふ|          あり|           ける|。\nカ四 連用  尊敬 ハ四 連体   ラ変 連用   過去 助動 終止形\n\nちょっと面倒ですが、問題集を解く時も全てこのように分解をしていました。\n\n②について。単語帳は自分に合うものでいいので2~3冊くらいやればいいと思います。出来れば例文、語源付きがおすすめです。例文は、いつか問題文で出てくる可能性が高いので、覚えずとも軽く読むくらいはしておくといいと思います。\n\n③について。時代背景、というかその時代やテーマにありがちな文章をなんとなく感覚で知っておくと楽だと思います。平安で歌ものだったら、和歌の力で恋が成就しがちだし、無常観とかすぐ出家するとか、大まかに知っておくと、あーはいはいと思いながら文章が読めます。古文読解で出てくる文章はパターンがあります。問題集を解いていってパターンをつかむのと、平安時代については、マンガのあさきゆめみしをみるのがおすすめです。(2巻まで読めば人物の見分けがつくようになるはず)\n\n\n\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 4-4-1.79-4-4-4zm0 10c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 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