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19:I[6411,["51","static/chunks/795d4814-03346c8d233b4adb.js","212","static/chunks/212-70508e17017a12c2.js","231","static/chunks/231-5dc9f3acdba63b0c.js","54","static/chunks/54-f848f8ba1c362ca7.js","23","static/chunks/app/advice/%5Bid%5D/page-53a773e0095d4429.js"],"CommentItemAvatar"] 1a:I[6549,["51","static/chunks/795d4814-03346c8d233b4adb.js","212","static/chunks/212-70508e17017a12c2.js","231","static/chunks/231-5dc9f3acdba63b0c.js","54","static/chunks/54-f848f8ba1c362ca7.js","23","static/chunks/app/advice/%5Bid%5D/page-53a773e0095d4429.js"],"CommentItemName"] 1c:I[3866,["51","static/chunks/795d4814-03346c8d233b4adb.js","212","static/chunks/212-70508e17017a12c2.js","231","static/chunks/231-5dc9f3acdba63b0c.js","54","static/chunks/54-f848f8ba1c362ca7.js","23","static/chunks/app/advice/%5Bid%5D/page-53a773e0095d4429.js"],"AdOnAdviceList1"] 1b:T14a1,言っていることが多少捉えにくいですのでご注意下さい。あととても長いです… 難しい文章になると単語帳に載ってる言い方から離れた翻訳になることはよくあります。 自分が受験期にしていたことは、概念を意識することでした。単語の概念を意識すると型にはまることもなく文章を多様に訳せるようになります。 では、概念を意識するとはどういうことか。それは、類語を意識することだと思ってください。例えばですが、preventという単語の意味に関して、概念の範疇内で違った言い方(訳し方)をできる限り多く頭に浮かべてください。(限界まで浮かべたら下へ) どうでしょうか。恐らく浮かんだ数が多ければ多い人ほど柔軟な翻訳能力が備わっていると思います。 「防ぐ」「阻む」「抑え込む」「押しとどめる」「差し止める」「封じる」「禁じる」「庇う」「助ける」「おかげで〜回避できる」…など、単語帳に載っていない沢山の異なる言い方があると思います。意味の類語から類語へとどんどん連想していくだけで適切な訳が見つかってきます。 「助ける」や「おかげで〜回避できる」などに疑問を持った方も居ると思いますが、例えば、 He prevented me from repeating a year.という文では「彼が留年から私を救ってくれた。彼のおかげで留年しないで済んだ。」などという風に訳したほうが自然です。「彼は私を留年から防いだ。」という様な訳だと意味は通じるけれど翻訳の仕方が下手ですよね。これが臨機応変にその場に合った翻訳ができるということを指すのです。 難しい言い方をしますが、概念とは同類のものから共通部分をぬき出して得た表象であり、類語はその共通部分を帯びた言葉に当たります。場面に応じた翻訳の仕方が上手い人は、単語帳に載っている言い方だけでなく単語の意味を概念で捉えた上でその類語力に力があるのではないでしょうか。(伝わりにくかったらすみません) また、単語推測に関しては長文のトピックを掴んだ上で文章の流れや文脈、書き手の意思を汲み取って考えてみると知らない単語の意味が推測できますよ。 例えば、形容詞 jubilant を例に文を作ります。 She has jubilant eyes for a perfect score in math. この場合、 文脈を見るべきですよね。jubilant という単語は良い意味なのか悪い意味なのかどちらなのでしょうか。それは、for以下を見れば a perfect score から jubilant が良い意味だということがわかりますよね。 「彼女は数学で100点満点を取って嬉しそうな目をしている。」 実際はこのように簡単にはいきませんが、長文の途中で未知の単語が出てきても前後の文脈が理解できれば多少は意味が推測できるはずです。(動詞や形容詞なら意味的にマイナスかプラスかなど) 以上の二点(類語連想、文脈理解)を踏まえて、実践してみましょう。 下記の英文はある料理本に載っている注釈の一部を抜粋したものです。 If your recipe is for a dessert, soup, or other item recommended as a side course, please nail down your submission includes suggestions for main dishes that it would complement. 上手く翻訳できるでしょうか。 ポイントは4つあります。 ①nail down ②submission ③suggestions ④complement submissionとは「提案、提出、投稿」などの意味ですがここではレシピに関する話をしているので、料理そのものを指しますよね。 suggestionsは「示唆」や「暗示」を表しますがこの場合、名詞で訳さず動詞的に「しそう、できそう」と訳した方が適切な翻訳になりますよね。 complementは「を完全にする」などの意味ですがそれだと意味的に通らないので、類語を連想して文脈に当てはめると「を引き立たせる、を映えさせる」とすることができますよね。 最後に、nail downですがこれは以上の3点を理解した後に意味が見えてきます。「〜するようにする」の意味ですが、pleaseやsubmission以降の文からわかるはずです。 従って、和訳は 「お作りになるレシピがデザートやスープなどのサイドメニューでしたらメイン料理を上手く引き立たせられるようご確認下さい。」 となります。 結論何が言いたいかというと、適切な訳を思いつくようにするには類語を連想することが手っ取り早いということです。単語推測に関しては国語的な力も必要ですが(文脈や筆者の言いたいことに対する理解)、鍛錬すれば「あ、今こんなこと言ってるんだな」って勝手に分かってきます。頑張ってください。 1d:T13f3,ご相談いただき、ありがとうございます。それめっちゃ分かります😭‼︎私も単語の暗記をついつい後回しにしてしまうタイプで高3の夏休みまで英単語がちゃんと完璧になっていなかったので、ももさんと同じ状態になっていたと思います。そこから短時間で暗記していっきに8月中に単語をマスターできたので、その方法を伝授できればと思います。 ポイントは3つあります。 ①ひたすら英単語だけを暗記し続ける期間を設ける。 ②例文やフレーズの音読を声に出しながら反復する。 ③1週間で最低2章、可能なら4章進める。 1つずつ見ていきますと、まず①に関しては私は8月のうちの3週間を完全に英単語のみをひたすら覚え続ける日にし、日本史を息抜きにやる程度にして、ひたすら英単語だけを勉強しつづけるウィークを作りました。私は問題集を解く、みたいな演習系の勉強を優先してしまうタイプで、高3の8月まではあとでやろう、やろうと思いつつ、英単語を後回しにしてしまい、結局気づいたら単語がしっかり頭に入っていない、というケースが多発してしまっていたので、他の勉強に逃げられないように英単語としっかり向き合って覚え切る週を夏休みに作りました。 大胆な作戦だったので成績が落ちないか心配でしたが、英単語をリカバーしたらかなり成績が改善されて、模試でも英文がスラスラ読めるような感覚が得られるようになりました。ですのでももさんも思い切ってそういう期間を作ってしまうのがおすすめです。 ②についてはポイントは声に出すという点と、単語の一問一答ではなく『例文』や『フレーズ』を使うことが重要であるという点を強調したいです。 英単語の暗記はインパクト✖️触れた回数で決まるので、極力1回の脳へのインパクト（質）を上げつつ、接触回数（量）を増やす必要があります。このとき、声に出すというやり方はインパクトも接触回数もほどよく増やせるのが魅力的です。目で見るという暗記方法は接触回数は増やせてもインパクトを増やせないので、なかなか頭に残りづらいと思います。 そのうえで例文やフレーズを使うのも重要だと思います。これをやるべき理由としては、実際の入試問題の文中に出てきたときにちゃんと気づいて意味が思い出せるか、が入試では大事だからです。一問一答形式で覚えると単語帳の順番で覚えてしまったり、なんとなくの雰囲気で覚えてしまったりするので、実際に出てきた時に気付けない、思い出せないといったことが起きてしまったり、dispite（にもかかわらず）とdispute（紛争）のようなつづりが似ている単語が出てきたときに誤って別な単語の意味を思い出して誤読をしてしまう、なんてことが発生してしまったりすることが多くなります。これが例文やフレーズでおさえられていると、先ほどのdispite（にもかかわらず）とdispute（紛争）はまったく違う使われ方をする、ということがわかるので、間違えようがなくなりますし、多少シャッフルされても動じなくなります。 音読の際にはターゲットの場合例文を使うことになりますが、このときテンポが悪いと感じたり、あまり頭に入っていない感じがする場合は、ミニマルフレーズの申し子である『システム英単語』に切り替えるのも手です。 私はもともと『ターゲット』や『速読英単語』をメインの単語帳として使っていたのですが合わなくて苦しみました。ですが、高3の8月にシス単に思い切って変えてから一気に形勢逆転できたので、うまくいってない場合は単語帳を変えるのも選択肢の一つだと思います。 ③のポイントとしては、ターゲットレベルの単語帳はかけても2週間では1周しないと前の方の単語を忘れてしまう、という点です。1周にかける時間をいかに短くできるかが大事です。最終的に私は頑張れば3日で英単語帳１冊の単語をすべて確認できるくらいのスピードにまで復習速度を上げることができたので、模試や入試の前に3日で１冊復習し、定期テストのような範囲が決まっているテストと同じような感覚で対策できるようになりました。これはできるようになると本当に自信がつきますし、世界が変わるので、ももさんにもおすすめしたいです。 参考にしていただけたら幸いです🙇‼︎1e:T110d,多くの人が共感する類いの悩みだと思います。 まず前提として、ある単語の訳が模範解答と異なっていても、近い意味で且つ文脈から逸れていなければ、点数が引かれる可能性は低いです。例えば、It takes a lot of time and effort to maintain a good friendship.という文（鉄壁から引用）において、同書ではmaintainに対応する訳が「維持する」となっているが、「保つ」などといった訳をした場合でも、文脈に合う近い意味の訳なので減点はされないだろう、という感じです。仮に質問者さんがこのようなことで悩んでおられるなら、それは杞憂です。 それともう一つ。単語をイメージで覚えるのは非常におすすめな方法ではあります。理由は後述します。 私が想定する悩みは幾分異なるものです。 それは、maintainと偶然同じページにあったassert（主張する、言い張る）という単語を例にとると、 assert...「何かを言う感じ」というのは分かるけど、「主張する、言い張る」というピッタリの訳が浮かんでこない！ という感じの悩みです。恐らく質問者さんが苦労されているのはこういうことですよね。 では解決方法を考えてみましょうか。 ①一つの単語につき、イメージではなく一つの定訳をガッチリと覚えてしまう 最も手っ取り早いです。上記の例なら、 maintain→〜を維持する、assert→〜を主張する と瞬発的に言えるようにする、というものです。しかし難点として、訳の字面が同じ場合に、単語ごとのニュアンスを掴めないということがあります。 例えば、appearとemergeはどちらも「現れる」という訳が可能ですが、emergeという単語は、暗闇や物陰からスッと出現する感じのイメージです。ここで、appearとemergeを両方「現れる」と覚えていると、「彼は駅に現れた」という文を英訳しようとした際に、emergeを用いるのが適切でないことに気付きづらくなります。イメージで単語を捉えるメリットがここにあります。 ②日本語→英単語の練習をしてみる 質問者さんは英→和の訓練を積まれているようですが、和→英というアプローチはいかがでしょうか。逆方向から考えることが結構上手くいったりします。また、これは和文英訳の訓練にもなります。例えば、単語帳で、「主張する」という日本語を見て、隣に書かれている英単語を引っ張り出してみましょう。assertの他に、argue、insist、claim、advocateなんかもありますかね。すると今度は自分に降ってきた訳語のニュアンスの違いを調べます（もちろん完全に互換可能な場合もある）。そうすれば、英訳の際に、「主張する」シリーズの中からより適切な表現を選ぶことができるようになります。 ③例文と一緒に単語を覚える シンプル且つ優秀な方法です。例文で覚えれば訳出が容易になりそうです。そして、これまた英作文対策としても最強といえます。 文脈からお分かりいただけたと思いますが、①のやり方はあまりおすすめできないです（個人の意見）。単語をイメージで捉えることはとても有意義だし本質的だと思います。もしよかったら私が紹介した方法を試してみてくださいね。質問者さんの健闘を祈っています！下の余談②は読んで！ 余談① 私の鉄壁のassertのところに、「好きな時間帯は"あさー！と"主張する」とメモ書きがありました。下らないですが語呂合わせは覚えやすい。 余談② もし和訳問題の中で、英単語にピッタリの訳が思いつかなくても、何かしら（動詞なら動詞、形容詞なら形容詞）の訳を絶対書いて下さい。何か書けば、最悪その訳が的外れでも一部の減点に留めることができますが、何も書かないとその一文全体が0点になる可能性があります。2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=EVIDjIIBTqPwDZPu_cKJ","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"速単上級編 覚えてる？"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between mb-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"text-left text-xs text-caption","children":["クリップ(",10,") コメント(",2,")"]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-right text-xs text-caption","children":"8/11 17:27"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark mb-4","children":"UniLink利用者の80%以上は、難関大学を志望する受験生です。これまでのデータから、偏差値の高いユーザーほど毎日UniLinkアプリを起動することが分かっています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L13",null,{"clientImageUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_360D767FA87849B4A22FD81E02D3F65F.jpg?alt=media&token=1fbc4e58-31af-4724-abda-5260ae7b286c","clientUserName":"いみじきほね","infoString":"高卒 千葉県 東北大学理学部(63)志望","adviceId":"EVIDjIIBTqPwDZPu_cKJ"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"leading-loose whitespace-pre-wrap","children":[["$","div","consultation-part-0",{"children":[null,"速単上級についてです\n単語を覚える際の、いわゆる「場所覚え」はタブーです。それに関した質問です。\n今速単上級を使っているのですが、Z会さんが丁寧なので、例えばprevent(を妨げる、を防ぐ)という単語に、類語がいくつも連なってる作りになっています(この後、evade、avert、deter…と類語がまとめてあります)。特に動詞でよく見る作りです。\nただ、preventの意味がわかればまとまってる単語達は類語なわけですから、なんとなく意味が分かっちゃうんです。「場所覚え」とは少し違うんですけど、類語の方が単独で出てきた時、実は無意識のうちにpreventがトリガーとなっていて、その単語自体は覚えてないみたいな状況にならないか不安です(というか実際何度か長文を読んだ時にそんなことがあった)。もちろん「妨げる」という日本語に色んな英単語があるので、このZ会さんのまとめ方は素晴らしいものなんですけど…なんというか、このモヤモヤを晴らしてほしいです。"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"pt-4","children":["$","$L14",null,{}]}],null]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold 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Bに変換しています。\n\nつまり、日本語的に仮装＝コスプレなのと同じように、deter＝preventと頭の中で自動的に変換できるくらいまで英語に慣れ、英語を英語として捉えるのがポイントだと思います。\n\n質問者様のモヤモヤは日本語と紐づけることを意識しすぎているから故の悩みな気がします。"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L16",null,{"adviserImageUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_18A8958FD1B94C699F282C04D46747EC.jpg?alt=media&token=e9a08aa9-7fb4-4679-85f9-f1f5014aad69","adviserName":"やかやかさん","adviserDepartment":"早稲田大学商学部","adviceId":"EVIDjIIBTqPwDZPu_cKJ","numberOfFan":164,"clipsAvg":7.549828178694158,"adviceRateAvg":4.494201030927835,"profile":"早稲田商学部現役合格。得意科目は英語と世界史でした。\n塾講師の経験をもとに、具体的かつ現実的な提案を心がけます。\n基本的にリアリストです。"}]}],["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://ck.jp.ap.valuecommerce.com/servlet/referral?sid=3364577&pid=884970531&vc_url=http%3A%2F%2Fshingakunet.com%2F%3Fvos%3Dnrmnvccp0000100","rel":"nofollow","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/document_request_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"単語の重要性について この時期の語彙力"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは。\nこの時期の語彙力についてですが、結論としてターゲットと速読英単語上級編が完璧なのであれば早稲田の英語長文において不自由することは無いはずです。\n\n 私は英単語を2段階に分けて意識することをお薦めします。\n1段階目としては自分の基本となる単語帳(貴方の場合ターゲット、速単上級編)を文字通り完璧にすること。 いつどこで聞かれても意味が答えられる状態にすること。\n2段階目としては自分の単語帳に載っていない単語で過去問等で何度も目にする単語を認識すること。 わからなくても深追いせず、軽く調べる程度で充分です。 重要な事は時間をかけないこと。 そして、何度も長文で意識していくうちに、「なんか見たことあるなぁ」「ネガティヴなイメージの単語だったなぁ」等と意識出来るようになってきます。\nこのように単語の取捨選択は自分の単語帳に載っているか否か。速単上級まで頭に入れば早稲田レベルです。それ以上は分かればラッキー、程度の認識で一向に構わないと思います。\n\n(補足)\n本番で分かるはずの単語がわからないというのは想像以上にメンタルにきます汗。 精神衛生上の観点からも自分の単語帳を完璧にする事に全力を注いでください。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"難しい単語"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"確かに、単語の意味を問う問題は知っていたら2秒で解けるチャンス問題です…\nもちろん、知っているに越したことはないのです。\nしかし、私が現役の頃は、英検準一級レベルまでは単語に割く時間がありませんでした。\n\n私が使用していた単語帳は、シス単と速単上級編の2冊です。\n両方、塾の先生に勧められたものでした。\n「この2冊を頭に入れて試験に臨み、知らない単語が出て来たとしても、ほかの受験生も知らないから安心しろ！」\nと太鼓判を押されたくらいでした！笑笑\n\n恐らく、英検準一級レベルの単語を瞬時に判別できるクラスの実力者はなかなかいないはずなので安心(?)してください。\nそれよりも、周囲の文脈に知らない単語があるほうが問題です。\n使っている単語帳に出てくる単語を完全に暗記した上で、それでもまだ不安なら対策してください。\n頑張って(^○^)"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英単語 重要性"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":" どこを受験するかによって必要な単語数が変わるとは思いますが、少なくとも早慶を受験するのであれば速単上級レベルの単語力は必要と考えます。確かに文脈で単語の意味を判断することもありますが、例えばとても専門的な内容を含む長文に当たってしまったとき、文脈判断するにも限度がありますよね？ 単語で全てが決まる、とまでは言いませんが、単語力があるに越したことはないと考えます。\n また、単語に1日1時間はかけすぎではないと思います。わたしも通学時間やお昼休憩等を利用して単語を勉強していましたが、なんだかんだで1時間以上やっていましたね笑 ただし、ダラダラとやるのは禁物ですよ！！！\n わたしの場合、基本単語は完璧に覚えていましたが、単語によってはイメージで覚えていました。わたしは、東大英単語熟語\"鉄壁\"という単語帳を使用していましたが、鉄壁のコンセプトというのが、イメージから単語の意味を捉えるということでした。確かに完全な訳を覚えたら楽かもしれませんが、人間の脳みそにも限りがあるので、完全な訳を覚えるものと、イメージを掴むものとで使い分ける必要があります。その基準は、速単で言えば、必修編以下か上級か、といったところでしょうか。イメージを掴んでおけば、英訳が求められても日本語にすることはできるので、その方法は不徹底ではないと思います。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英単語の覚え方"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは！\n\nまずは単語は一語一訳で覚えるのが鉄則です！そこを覚えてから例文や派生語、類義語などに広げていくのがいいと思います！とにかくまずは一語一訳で覚えていきましょう！\n\n次に単語の効果的な覚え方ですがこれは主に３つ意識すべきことがあると思います！\n\n① 単語を単語帳の場所で意味を覚えない。\n\nこれは結構あるあるなのですがどうしても何回も単語帳をやっていると意外とこういうことに陥りやすいです！こういう時は派生語をやるのに移ったりしていくのがいいと思います！\n\n② 単語帳での単語が出てくるスピードを速くする\n\n単語は見た瞬間に0.1秒で意味が出でこなければ長文で使えるような単語にはなりません。思い出しているようではダメで反射的にでなければいけないと思います。\n\n③ 単語をイメージで覚える。\n\n例えばexpandっていう単語があって【拡大する】っていう日本語訳がでてくるだけではなく広がっていくイメージをその単語に植え付けると長文中でてきたときにそのイメージのまま読むことができます！これは何個も意味がある単語や多義語などにも有効だと思います！\n\n参考になれば幸いです！！また、いつでも何か聞きたければこちらのコメントでお答えするのでお気軽にどうぞ！（答えられる範囲で答えます！）\n\nまた、UniLink パートナーのオンライン受験相談も実施しています！興味がある方はメッセージよろしくお願いします！！！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 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