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1a:Tda6,はじめまして。
単語についてです。これはセンターも京大の二次もそうなんですが、単語帳の内容丸暗記はあまり通用しなくなってきています。センターだとよく単語帳の赤字になっている意味で間違いの選択肢を作り、単語帳にあまり載っていない表現で正解の選択肢を作る年があります。なので単語帳の丸暗記だと騙させてしまう。二次はもっとシンプルで、一体一の表現で覚えていると綺麗な日本語を紡げなくて苦労します。どうすればいいかと言うと、言葉のコアになる部分(本質)をイメージとして理解することが大切です。古文単語の語幹とイメージは互換性があるので意外と効率よく覚えられます。そのようなこともあり、マドンナは分からないですが、ゴロゴは私はあまりおすすめしません。初学者の取っ掛りとしてはいいと思いますが、少なくとも京大を目指す人が使う単語帳としてはあまりにも不十分過ぎると思います。そこで私が使った単語帳を紹介します。｢解法古文単語350｣。私が通っていた予備校の講師が出している単語帳で、本質的なイメージはもちろん、その単語が用いられる構文、設問＆解答パターンが網羅されており、付録で古文常識が記載されています。とても盛り沢山な単語帳です。これめちゃくちゃおすすめです。
文法について。言うことは一つ、助動詞と敬語を押さえろ、です。古文は文脈が命です。よく問題集で｢文脈判断により答えはこれ｣みたいな質の悪い解説を見かけますが、正直古文は文脈が分かればほとんど解けます。具体的には和訳と状況の因果関係です。問題なのはどうやって文脈を判断するか。その手がかりになるのが助動詞と敬語です。助動詞によって、その述語部分の状況が分かります。敬語によって、その主体が分かります。この作業繰り返して、和訳・状況の因果関係を把握し、文脈を押さえていきます。おすすめの参考書等は特にないですが、一覧表と識別方法が載っているのにしてください(むしろ載っていない方が少ないかも)。
読解について。センターだったら単語と文法が出来ていれば特に対策はいらないと思います。二次にはその2つに加えて構文や古文常識が必要になることが出てきます。この単語が出た時はこの要素とこの要素が必要になってくる(ないと状況がわかりにくくて減点対象になりうる)、この行動にはこのような背景があるなどなど。対策としては、上述した｢解法古文単語350｣で充分網羅できます(だからこそ私がこんなにも推している笑)！
色々書きましたが、高2の段階でそこまで高い意識で古文を対策しようとしているだけで十分な対策は出来ると思います。単語→文法→読解の順で時間がかかるので、あまり古文に重しを起きたくないor思いの外負担になるようだったら、この順番で手をつけ始めるとよいと思います。読解は1ヶ月くらいあれば対応できます。頑張ってください！1b:T1427,古文が苦手な方は文理問わず多いと思うので、少し頑張れば大きく差をつけることができます。
そして、古文はちゃんとした勉強をしていれば2～3か月ほどで得意科目にすることができます。

古文の勉強法について順を追って説明させていただきます。

古文の勉強は日常生活で使わない言語を読み解くという点で、英語の勉強と類似しているところがあります。最初に取り組むべき勉強も英語と似ています。

ずばり、最初に取り組むべき古文の勉強は”単語と文法”です。

単語と文法が分からなければ文章を読めないのは英語と同じです。そして、多くの古文が苦手な受験生はこの二つがほとんど出来ていません。

軽くテストをしてみましょう。まずは、単語からです。
「ながむ」「にほふ」「あく」「おくる」の意味をすべて答えることができますか？
また、敬語表現の「たてまつる」「のたまふ」「めす」「奏す」の意味とそれぞれの敬語の種類(尊敬語、謙譲語、丁寧語)を答えることができますか？

次に文法編です。
係り結びの法則を説明することはできますか？
未然形接続、連用形接続、終止形接続の助動詞を言えるでしょうか？

とりあえず、このテストにすらすら答えることができなかった場合には、単語・文法が出来ていないということにします。この先で単語と文法の勉強方法について説明しますので、やってみてください。

(１)古文単語の勉強方法
まずは、古文単語の勉強方法についてです。
参考書は何を使っても構いません。基本的には学校で配られたものを使ってください。どうしてもやる気が出ない場合には新しく買うのもモチベーションアップにつながるので良いと思います。

古文単語はどの参考書でも300～350くらいに収まっていると思います。逆に新しく買う場合には、単語の数がこの範囲に収まっているものをおすすめします。今回は使用する単語帳を330単語だと仮定して進めます。これを一か月で完成させます。

一か月で330単語を覚えるにはどうすればいいでしょうか。よくあるのは、一日11単語覚えると30日で330単語覚えられるというものですが、人間の脳はそんなに都合よく出来ていません。全部終わるころには、最初の11単語なんて完全に忘れてしまいます。もっと間隔を短くして、回数をこなすことが大切です。

66個/日×5日で一周してください。
つまり、一日で66単語やります。番号順に１～66番まで取り組んでください。二日目は67からです。5日後に330番まで到達したら、6日目からはまた同じように1番から取り組みます。

5日で1セットの周回を6回繰り返します。5日×6周で30日(一か月)で完成します。5日という間隔と6回という回数が大切なので、必ず毎日取り組むようにしてください。

(２)古文文法の勉強方法
次に古文文法についてです。
古文の文法で一番重要なのは助動詞です。助動詞→敬語→助詞→和歌→(文学史）の順番で取り組むのが良いと思います。

助動詞については、最初のテストの問題にも出したように、未然形接続、連用形接続、終止形接続の助動詞を覚えることから始めてください。語呂合わせでもなんでも構いません。助動詞を言われたら接続をすぐに答えることができる状態にはしておいてください。それがすべて覚え終わったら個々の助動詞の意味と用法について覚えていってください。

敬語については、敬語の種類について理解することが大切です。尊敬語・謙譲語・丁寧語も現代語と意味が異なるので注意して取り組んでみてください。

助詞は副助詞と係助詞についてはすべて覚えてください。「だに・すら・さえ・し・のみ・ばかり・など・まで」と「ぞ・なむ・か・や・こそ・は・も」はすらすら出てくるようにしておいてください。

ここまでやれば、古文の基礎的な文法は他の受験生と大きく差をつけられるはずです。

文法は少し大変だと思いますが、参考書や映像授業(スタサプなど)を活用して進めてみてください。ちなみに私は「岡本梨奈の一冊読むだけで～」のシリーズを使っていました。すらすら読めるので、おすすめです。

これらが、古文を得意科目にするための勉強方法です。ペース良くやれば、すべて2～3ヶ月ほどで終わると思います。試してみる価値は十分にあると思うので、頑張ってください。1c:Tefa,はじめまして。
古文はよく｢単語が命！｣と聞きますが、それは違います。英単語もそうですが、古文単語は基本多義的なので意味を確定するのは文脈なります。文脈を理解するために単語を勉強しろと言っておいて、その単語の意味を決定するのは文脈になる、完全な循環論法で破綻しています。

古文において文脈を決定する、正確には私たちが初見で読む文脈の手がかりにするのは、敬語と助動詞です。古文の敬語には敬意のレベルによって方向があってそれで主語が決まります。助動詞は主語に対する述語のニュアンスを確定します。なので古文が読めるあるいは解けるようになるには敬語と助動詞を勉強すればいいと思います。
Gordonさんはどうでしょうか？もしかするとただ単語をひたすら覚えるという勉強をしているのかも知れません。試しに敬語と助動詞をひと通り勉強してから解いてみてください。多分見えたが大きく変わるはずです。たとえ合わないとしても、敬語と助動詞は試験で聞かれるので無駄にはなりません。
具体的な勉強方法としては、敬語は意味ももちろん大切ですが、上述したように敬意の方向が大切です。尊敬語、謙譲語、丁寧語、絶対敬語、自尊敬語、二重敬語、ぱっと上げるだけでもこれだけあります。それぞれの敬語がどれに当たるのか分類しながら覚えると効果的です。助動詞は一覧表が大抵の古文単語に掲載されています。ひと通り覚えましょう。活用のタイプで覚えたら楽です。現在日本語とは活用が少し違いますが似てる部分も多いので。そして識別までやりましょう。助動詞は識別ができて初めて役立ちます。
おすすめの参考書を紹介します。西村雪野先生の｢解放古文単語350｣です。名前の通り古文単語帳ですが、単語の意味が本質的なニュアンスまで載っています。初めに単語の意味は文脈で決まると言いました。じゃあ単語自体に意味は無いのかというとそういう訳ではなくて、単語が持っているのはニュアンスまでです。それを言語化できるまで確定するのが文脈です。この単語帳はそのニュアンスから乗っているので覚えやすいです。数年前にセンター試験で、単語帳赤い文字で書いてある意味で間違いの選択肢を作り大抵の単語帳には載ってない意味が正解の選択肢が用意されたことがあります。単語の意味の丸暗記はやめろというセンターからの意図を感じました。私も個人的に同感です。また敬語も種類ごとに分類されており、何より主語の確定の仕方も詳しく載っています。助動詞の一覧表はもちろん、識別の仕方も記載されています。さらに古文常識もコラムとして記載されており、文脈把握に役立つ知識がまとめられています。つまりかなり試験に役立つ知識が充実している便利な単語帳という訳です。しかもそこまで高価ではないです。ここまで書いておいてあれですが決してステマでは無いので、書店で実際に手に取って見てみてから検討してください。おすすめです。

色々書きましたが、合う合わないはあると思うので自分なりに納得できるふうにアレンジしながらやってみてください。
このご時世で色々大変だとは思いますが、頑張ってください！1d:Tdd5,こんにちは！

まずは古文単語と文法の基礎がしっかりできておくのが必要です！
単語帳でおすすめの古文単語帳は古文単語ゴロゴです！（古文単語ゴロゴプレミアムがおすすめです。）これはその名の通りゴロで覚えれられるので古文の苦手意識をかなりなくてしてくれます！単語数もかなり多くのっていて早稲田、上智の古文まで十分一冊で対応できます！！

次に文法はYouTubeのただよびの吉野先生の授業動画がいいと思います！かなりわかりやすいくて一回10分なのでわからない文法のところだけ見るのでもおすすめです！

ですがこの２つをやっても古文ができるようにならないという人は非常に多いと思います！！

その中で自分が考えるにこの３つの中のどれかに原因があると思います！！

①  敬語ができなくて主語がうまくとれない

②  古文の読解慣れしていない

③  古文常識がわかっていない

まずこのなかでも①が1番大切です！！
単語と文法をやれば古文を読めると思っている方がほとんどだと思いますがそんなに古文は甘いものではないです！古文は敬語が頻繁にでてきて誰の動作を高めてとかがわからないとまったく意味がわからなくなってしまいます。古文において敬語は非常に重要です。これが尊敬でこれが謙譲と覚えるだけでなく、どういう動作の尊敬語なのか謙譲語なのかまでしっかり覚える必要があると思います！
やり方としてはYouTubeの予備校ただよびでの吉野先生が今敬語についての授業（スーパ敬語法）が上がっているのでそれをみるのがおすすめです！自分も受験生時代吉野先生の授業を受けていたのですがとても分かりやすかったのでかなりおすすめです！

②は古文にも漢文にも言えることなのですが英語と同じである程度なれていくことが必要なので1日1文くらいは読んでいったほうがいいと思います。（おすすめの参考書は1番の基礎で有れば古文上達基礎編、その上のレベルは河合塾からでている中堅私大古文演習、難関私大古文演習がおすめです！）

③は意外と気にしないのですがかなり大切で、見落としがちなことが多いです！
例えば垣間見とはどういうものなのかや、
単語帳にはのっていない見出すと見入るの違い
見出す（主語は女になって部屋から男をみる）
見入る（主語は男になって部屋の外から女をみる）などなど色々あるので古文の世界をわかるということも大切です。
参考書はマドンナ古文常識がおすすめです！
これを一冊しっかり読んで完璧にしましょう！

参考になれば幸いです！！また、いつでも何か聞きたければこちらのコメントでお答えするのでお気軽にどうぞ！（答えられる範囲で答えます！）

また、UniLink パートナーのオンライン受験相談も実施しています！25分間で現役の大学生と話すことができ、勉強について相談できるというサービスです！こちらを利用したい方はメッセージお待ちしています！！
勉強頑張ってください！！2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=ATrndG4BTqPwDZPuTZbj","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"センターに向けて"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between mb-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"text-left text-xs text-caption","children":["クリップ(",9,") コメント(",0,")"]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-right text-xs text-caption","children":"11/16 15:49"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark 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mb-4","children":[["$","div","advice-part-0",{"children":[null,"古文では、主に、単語・敬語・助動詞が重要になります。逆を言うと、この3つさえ完璧にすれば、センター古文では、満点に近い点数が取れると思います。\n\n…ただ、古文単語は量が多いので、まずは、敬語と助動詞を先に勉強していいと思います。\n\n敬語は、「誰が喋っているのか。」「天皇さんが何をしたのか。」「登場人物の関係性はどんな感じか。」がだいたい分かるようになります。\n\n助動詞は、その単語自体に意味はありませんが、直前の動詞がどのように使われているかを説明していて、物語の流れがわかるようになります。\n\nこの2つを使って、なんとなくは文の流れがわかるようになってみましょう。\n\n\nそして、この2つと単語知識。これらを活かせるのが、単語で区切って読む方法です。登場人物の名前や動詞はともかく、助動詞や助詞を細かく区切って読むことで、分の内容がある程度読めてきます。後はその単語ごとの意味を取るだけなので、より簡単になると思います。\n\n\nこんな感じで進めていくといいと思います。\n\n敬語と助動詞はとにかく覚えて、どれかどういう形式の単語かぐらいまでは理解できるようにしましょう。少し量が多いので大変ですが、古文単語を一通りやるよりかは量が少ないので、頑張ってください！\n\n是非参考になればと思います。"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L16",null,{"adviserImageUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_3EAF7968AF1E4566A1341BBC40F76F79.jpg?alt=media&token=1adebd6e-b22b-4253-99c1-bc82843e90fb","adviserName":"tomato-juice","adviserDepartment":"大阪大学基礎工学部","adviceId":"ATrndG4BTqPwDZPuTZbj","numberOfFan":28,"clipsAvg":10.067567567567568,"adviceRateAvg":4.4,"profile":"現在、大阪大学に通っています。\n\n回答で分からないところやそれ以外の質問があれば、ぜひコメントやメッセージで聞いてください！ \nより細かく、お答えできればいいなと思っています。\n\nよろしくお願いします！"}]}],["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://ck.jp.ap.valuecommerce.com/servlet/referral?sid=3364577&pid=884970531&vc_url=http%3A%2F%2Fshingakunet.com%2F%3Fvos%3Dnrmnvccp0000100","rel":"nofollow","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/document_request_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink パンフレットバナー画像","className":"mt-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"pt-4","children":["$","$L17",null,{"id":"adsbygoogle-init-under-advice"}]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between","children":[["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold","children":["コメント(",0,")"]}],["$","$L18",null,{"adviceId":"ATrndG4BTqPwDZPuTZbj"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs p-4","children":"コメントで回答者に感謝を伝えましょう！相談者以外も投稿できます。"}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl 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mb-1","children":"・古文\n優先度としては\n単語>助動詞>敬語>>その他\nです。\n単語に関しては速読古文単語をひたすら繰り返して覚えてしまいましょう。\n古文では単語の細かい意味が問われるので、多義語も出来るだけ全て覚えるのが目標です。\n\nそれと並行して、助動詞も覚えましょう。\n助動詞は単語と比べるとかなり数が少ないので、短期間で完璧に仕上げるようにしてください。\n助動詞は意味と活用が問われます。\n\nまた、古文では敬語もよく聞かれるので単語と助動詞に余裕が出て来たら敬語の勉強をしましょう。\n\nここまでで基本的なところは全て抑えられると思います。\nさらに余裕があれば、国語便覧や源氏物語を読んで背景知識まで入れておけると古文で困ることはなくなるでしょう。\n\n・漢文\n漢文は書き下しの練習と、再読文字を覚えることをまずやってください。\n単語の意味は漢字からなんとなく連想できるので単語はそこまで焦らなくてもいいです。\nただ、推測不可能な単語もいくつかあるので、その単語についてはしっかり覚えましょう。\n\n書き下しができてしまえば、問題自体は古文ほど難しくなく、簡単な文章が多いです。\nまた、教訓や滑稽な笑い話など文章のパターンも少ないので沢山問題を解いているとだんだんとセンスが磨かれていくはずです。\n\n以上まとめると、古文は単語と助動詞、漢文は書き下しと再読文字から始めると良いと思います。\n応援しています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 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古文常識がわかっていない\n\nまずこのなかでも①が1番大切です！！\n単語と文法をやれば古文を読めると思っている方がほとんどだと思いますがそんなに古文は甘いものではないです！古文は敬語が頻繁にでてきて誰の動作を高めてとかがわからないとまったく意味がわからなくなってしまいます。古文において敬語は非常に重要です。これが尊敬でこれが謙譲と覚えるだけでなく、どういう動作の尊敬語なのか謙譲語なのかまでしっかり覚える必要があると思います！\nやり方としてはYouTubeの予備校ただよびでの吉野先生が今敬語についての授業（スーパ敬語法）が上がっているのでそれをみるのがおすすめです！自分も受験生時代吉野先生の授業を受けていたのですがとても分かりやすかったのでかなりおすすめです！\n\n②は古文にも漢文にも言えることなのですが英語と同じである程度なれていくことが必要なので1日1文くらいは読んでいったほうがいいと思います。（おすすめの参考書は1番の基礎で有れば古文上達基礎編、その上のレベルは私大志望であれば河合塾からでている中堅私大古文演習、難関私大古文演習がおすめです！国公立志望であればこちらも河合塾から出ている入試精選問題集がおすすめです！）\n\n③は意外と気にしないのですがかなり大切で、見落としがちなことが多いです！\n例えば垣間見とはどういうものなのかや、\n単語帳にはのっていない見出すと見入るの違い\n見出す（主語は女になって部屋から男をみる）\n見入る（主語は男になって部屋の外から女をみる）などなど色々あるので古文の世界をわかるということも大切です。\n参考書はマドンナ古文常識がおすすめです！\nこれを一冊しっかり読んで完璧にしましょう！\n\n続いて漢文についてはとにかく問題を解いていきましょう！Z会の共通テスト予想問題集がおすすめです！！\n\n参考になれば幸いです！！また、いつでも何か聞きたければこちらのコメントでお答えするのでお気軽にどうぞ！（答えられる範囲で答えます！）頑張ってください！！\n\n\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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