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1c:T175f,初めまして！
現在、一橋大学法学部に在籍している内海と申します。
質問の内容が一橋英語の英作文についてということで、①日常の勉強法 ②過去問への向き合い方 の2点を自分の経験や反省を活かして記述させていただければと思います！


①英作文の日常の勉強法
一橋大学の英作文に限った話ではありませんが、減点されない英作文を書くためには、日々の積み重ねが必須となります。英作文のための学習というと、自分で問題を解いて、学校や予備校の先生に添削して貰うことが真っ先に浮かびますが、それ以前の土台作りが欠かせないのです。

その土台が何かと言いますと、ズバリ「自分が運用が出来る語彙・表現」のことです。saさんは英語が得意ということで、レベルの高い英文を読みこなしたり、それなりのスピードの音声の聞き取れるのだと想像できます。ただ、英作文で要求されるのは、「読む」や「聞く」などの受動的な語彙・表現ではなく、「書く」や「話す」などの能動的な表現力なのです。

この能動的な語彙・表現力はどのように習得していけるのかと言うと、⑴例文・表現暗記、⑵和文英訳演習による英訳技術の習得の2つが効果的と言えます。

⑴自由英作の解答例の中から今後も使えそうな表現を抽出して覚えたり、市販や学校配布の例文集の例文を暗記したりします。何事も知識の暗記は重要です！例文や表現を事前に暗記しておく事で、自由英作文でも、減点されない英語で自分が表現したいことを記述することができます！(例文集で覚えた表現を使えば、文法的に減点される事は絶対にないので、とても安全です。)

⑵一橋は和文英訳を出題しません。しかし、和文英訳の延長線上に自由英作文があると断言出来ます！なぜなら、いくら自由英作文と言っても、我々日本人は日本語で思考するので、日本語で考えた内容を英語に訳す過程が必ず必要になるからです。日本語を英語に訳す技術は、単純な単語力や文法力だけでなく、日本語を英語に訳しやすくするための言い換え力(和文解釈力)が必要です。特定の名詞を「～すること」や「～もの」というように日本語で言い換えた上で、動名詞やwhat節を使うetc...色々あるので、たくさん和文英訳を解いて解答を熟読して、自分にない観点を吸収していって下さい！(オススメの参考書: 和文英訳のハイパートレーニングや和文英訳教本) 新しい観点や表現はメモして自分のテクニックとしてストックしておくのがオススメです！とにかく経験がものをいう分野なので、根気よくやりましょう！ただ、あくまで自由英作文のための勉強なので、難易度の高いものに手を出しすぎるのは良くないです。


②過去問への向き合い方
おっしゃる通り、一橋英作文は特徴的な問題形式が多いです。私自身も初めは、何とも言い難い写真･絵画や架空の諺について、何を書いたら良いのやら_φ(･_･)と途方に暮れていました。しかし、今振り返ると、採点官内容で優劣など付けているとは考えにくいのです！なぜなら、そこに厳格かつ公平な採点基準を定めることなど不可能に近いからです。よって、自由英作文では文法や語彙表現、そして文章全体の論理構成によって減点がなされていると言えます。とにかく文法や文章の構成などの形式的な事での減点を限りなくゼロにすることが重要なのです。そのためにはやはり①の学習が重要になります。文章の構成については、問題形式により異なってくるので、少し例を挙げておきます。
⑴普通の意見論述英作文
賛否を述べる→理由を述べる→具体的に説明する→結論を端的にまとめる
⑵絵や写真の描画
a.全然のざっくりとした描画→細かい描画→絵が伝えたいメッセージを記述orメインの人物の感情を記述する
b.絵の中の物語を自分で作ってしまう
⑶未知の諺の説明
諺の意味を説明→意見論述のように賛否を論理的に述べる
⑷ニュース記事の作成
自分で物語を作る(ニュースなのであくまで論理的に)

この他にも様々な問題形式があると思いますが、これも自分で実際に書いて、出来れば誰か信頼できる人に自分では気づきにくい文法や構成の穴を添削してもらい、解答例から新たな観点を学びましょう。そして、新たな観点は自分のものにしていきましょう！
繰り返しになりますが、一番重要なのは、内容では無く、文法・語彙表現力・文章構成の明瞭さですので、内容にこだわりすぎないのも上達のコツだといえます！

最後に、ご存知かと思いますが、今年度から一橋大学の英語の試験からリスニングの問題が無くなり、読解(大門が1つか2つ)と英作文の2部構成になる予定です。つまり、英作文の比重が昨年度と比較して重くなっており、より差がつくことになります。
saさんが志望されている社会学部は、英語の配点が最も大きいので、今の時期から英作文の日頃の学習を見直しておく事は有利に働く事は間違いありません！
この回答が少しでもsaさんの勉強に役に立てていれば光栄です！2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=9U0FgXcBTqPwDZPu635D","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"東大の英作文"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between mb-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"text-left text-xs text-caption","children":["クリップ(",6,") コメント(",3,")"]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-right text-xs text-caption","children":"2/8 9:43"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark mb-4","children":"UniLink利用者の80%以上は、難関大学を志望する受験生です。これまでのデータから、偏差値の高いユーザーほど毎日UniLinkアプリを起動することが分かっています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L13",null,{"clientImageUrl":null,"clientUserName":"Siri","infoString":"高2 福島県 東京大学理学部(68)志望","adviceId":"9U0FgXcBTqPwDZPu635D"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"leading-loose whitespace-pre-wrap","children":[["$","div","consultation-part-0",{"children":[null,"今高校2年生です\n英作文が苦手なので対策の仕方を教えてください\n文法、語彙はある程度大丈夫です"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"pt-4","children":["$","$L14",null,{}]}],null]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"回答"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L15",null,{"adviserImageUrl":null,"adviserName":"てこ","adviserDepartment":"東京大学理科一類","adviceId":"9U0FgXcBTqPwDZPu635D"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark mb-4","children":"すべての回答者は、学生証などを使用してUniLinkによって審査された東大・京大・慶應・早稲田・一橋・東工大・旧帝大のいずれかに所属する現役難関大生です。加えて、実際の回答をUniLinkが確認して一定の水準をクリアした合格者だけが登録できる仕組みとなっています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"leading-loose whitespace-pre-wrap mb-4","children":[["$","div","advice-part-0",{"children":[null,"Siriさんがおっしゃっているのは自由英作文のことでしょうか？とりあえずそのつもりで書かせていただきます。\n\n当たり前ですかまずは和文英訳から入りましょう。与えられた日本語を英文にするやつです。一行程の簡単な日本語を英語にする、という訓練を続けてください。もしそれがある程度できているのであれば、少し長めの和文英訳に移りましょう。この辺りは市販の和文英訳の参考書で鍛えてください。\n\nそこまでやり切れば、満を持して意見等をのべる自由英作文の演習にいきましょう。このとき「和文和訳」の意識を持ちながら演習していってください。和文和訳とは、難しい日本語を簡単な日本語に落とし込む、ということです。自由英作文では、日本語で自分の意見を言えてもそれが英語に書き起こせない、ということがよくあります。その原因は、日本語が自由に使えすぎて、自分の英語で書ける能力よりも自分の意見が遥かに複雑なレベルになってしまっているからです。だから、和文和訳をして、日本語で思いついた自分の意見を低レベルの日本語に落とし込み、英語で書けるレベルに持っていく、という作業が必要です。それを意識しながら演習していけばきっと上手く英作文が書けるようになるはずです。\n\nそしてもう一つ。自由英作文の演習は必ず他人(学校の先生、塾の教師など)に見てもらってください。自分では上手くかけたつもりでも、他人目線から見たら何言ってるのかよくわからない、という解答になってしまうことも多々あります。ですので、第三者の視点を持てるようになるためにも、他人に自分の解答を見てもらってください。\n\n何かありましたらまたご遠慮なく聞いてください。頑張れ！"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L16",null,{"adviserImageUrl":null,"adviserName":"てこ","adviserDepartment":"東京大学理科一類","adviceId":"9U0FgXcBTqPwDZPu635D","numberOfFan":29,"clipsAvg":12.65625,"adviceRateAvg":4.68,"profile":"理科I類から工学部へ進みました。\n\n大学では、モビリティの自動化について研究しています！\n"}]}],["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://ck.jp.ap.valuecommerce.com/servlet/referral?sid=3364577&pid=884970531&vc_url=http%3A%2F%2Fshingakunet.com%2F%3Fvos%3Dnrmnvccp0000100","rel":"nofollow","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/document_request_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink 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10:43"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs whitespace-pre-wrap","children":"ありがとうございます！\nおすすめの参考書を教えてくださるとありがたいです。"}]]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mr-2","children":["$","$L19",null,{"avatarUrl":null,"contributorName":"てこ","adviceId":"9U0FgXcBTqPwDZPu635D"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-2","children":["$","$L1a",null,{"contributorName":"てこ","adviceId":"9U0FgXcBTqPwDZPu635D"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption","children":"2/8 11:55"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs whitespace-pre-wrap","children":"学校では竹岡先生のものを使っていました。それはおすすめです。\n他にもいろいろあるので、自分に合ったものを探してみても良いと思います。"}]]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mr-2","children":["$","$L19",null,{"avatarUrl":null,"contributorName":"Siri","adviceId":"9U0FgXcBTqPwDZPu635D"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-2","children":["$","$L1a",null,{"contributorName":"Siri","adviceId":"9U0FgXcBTqPwDZPu635D"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption","children":"2/8 11:58"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs whitespace-pre-wrap","children":"ありがとうございます！"}]]}]]}]]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold","children":"よく一緒に読まれている人気の回答"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"divide-y","children":[["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"/advice/oMC7I2YBTqPwDZPuN3Y5","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"flex items-center 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英作文の勉強方法"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは〜！\n\n｢一応英訳ができる｣ところから始める英作文の勉強法、ということですね。\n\nまず、｢質問に行くのが苦手でどこが間違っているか分からない｣という点ですが、これに対応できるハイコストパフォーマンスの勉強法として、｢chatGPTでの英作文添削｣を強くオススメします！！！\n\n英訳問題の場合、\n｢~~~~~~~~(問題の答え)\n\n次は上の文の英訳です\ncefr b1 b2 の基準で100点満点で採点し文法、語法の間違いを丁寧に解説してください\n解説は日本語で書いてください\n\n~~~~~~~~(自分の回答)｣\nと入力しましょう。｢cefr b1 b2…？｣と思われるかもしれませんが、これは日本の大学受験のレベルを世界共通基準として指定したもので、この指示を入れることで｢受験英作文にはオーバースペックな添削｣を防ぐことができます。GPT4ではないchatGPTの処理は、内部で翻訳を挟んでいるため、｢日本の大学受験レベル｣と指定するよりcefrで指定する方が正確な出力が期待できる、という背景があります。\n\n\n次に、復習、主に暗記に関してですが、\n・ドラゴンイングリッシュ\n・基礎英作文問題精講\n・鉄壁\nのいずれか、又は自分で選んだテキストの例文を全て暗記し(鉄壁や自分で選んだテキストの場合取捨選択で100〜200文に絞る)その文の表現を引き出して繋げていけるようになる、というのがオススメです。\n授業で分からない表現に遭遇した時は、まず暗記した例文の表現内で書けるかを深く検討し、どうしても厳しいようであれば新たに暗記する、というやり方が良いと思います。\n\nという訳で、質問以外での英作文の添削、復習と暗記の方法についてでした。\n質問者さんの英作文技術の向上に貢献出来たのならば嬉しいです。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 4-4-1.79-4-4-4zm0 10c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"これからの英作文のプラン"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"慶應経済で、和文英訳、自由英作文やったので回答します。\n①について。\n３つの教材を実際に使ってないので詳細にはアドバイスできませんが、英作対策の教材量は十分すぎるのでそれらを10月あたりまで何周もしてください。英作文は何周もすることがすごい意味があるので周回するといいと思います。それ以降は過去問を使って対策してください。これも何度も書いて添削してもらってください。英作文のテキストなどに解答はついてはいますが、実際自分の書くものと同じなんてことはないと思います。なので必ず添削をしてもらって、また書き直して、というのを繰り返すことが大切です。\n一つアドバイスとしては、時制を間違ったら付箋に時制ミス、主語と動詞の単複を間違ったら主語と動詞の不一致などと書いてどこかに貼っておくと次に英作文意識しやすくなったのでオススメです。それと先生によって言うことが全く違うので信用できる人を1人選んでその人に毎回見てもらうといいと思います。\n\n②について。\n例文暗記は英作文の対策としては必ずプラスになるとおもいます。しかし、大量の例文暗記に自分は挫折したのであまりオススメしません。\n実際書けるようになった理由としては、構文、熟語などをしっかり英作で使えるようにしたからだと思います。\n\n\n例）\n\n「どうしても〇〇してしまう」といった和文を見た時にすぐこの構文を使うんだなって出てきますか？\n\n\n\n\nこの場合はcannot help 〜ingを自分だったら使います。このようにこの時はこれを使う、とか語法とかがすごい重要になるのでそれをたくさんインプットしていました。そうすると自由英作でも自分の頭で和訳がすぐに英訳につながるんですよね。その繰り返しでだんだん翻訳スピードが上がってくると思います。\n例文暗記がきつかったら、このようにこの時はこの構文使うみたいなのをインプットして、自分で簡単な例文などを作ってみると良いと思います。\n\n頑張ってください！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 4-4-1.79-4-4-4zm0 10c-2.67 0-8 1.34-8 4v2h16v-2c0-2.66-5.33-4-8-4z","children":[]}]]],"style":{"color":"$undefined"},"height":16,"width":16,"xmlns":"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs","children":["慶應義塾大学法学部"," ","りー"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"自由英作文を短時間で毎日やる方法"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"mimi さんこんにちは\n突然ですが、mimi さんの通っていた学校あるいは予備校などにはネイティブの英語の先生はいらっしゃいますか？今から高3の時に僕がやっていた自由英作文の練習の仕方を紹介しようと思います。\n\nまず、僕自身は京大志望でしたので、京大の過去問を用いていましたが、mimi さんの場合は東大の過去問やその他英作文を出題する大学の過去問を用いて1日一問自由英作文を書いてみましょう\n\n次に、1週間に1度ネイティブ(あるいは塾の英語)の先生にお願いして英作文を添削してもらいましょう。ネイティブの先生であれば、ChatGPTとは異なり不適切な英文を見抜けないことはありませんし、添削の手間も省けます！更に、英語特有の表現や言い回しを気軽に質問することが出来るというのも魅力的です！(塾の英語の先生の場合も、実際に模試などで採点する側である場合が多いので、どこを見て採点するかわかるというメリットがあります！)\n\n実際、英作文の採点をする人は外国人である場合も多いと思いますし、問題に取り組む時間さえ毎日取ることが出来れば、この勉強法で十分成績が伸びると思います！注意点としては、添削してもらったものを復習する日を1日設けることが大事だということです！一度間違えた英語表現はノートを作ってまとめてみると良いですよ！\n\n浪人生の方は、高校にはネイティブの先生がいたけど塾にはいない‥\nという方も多いかと思います。\nそういった方は、自分の母校の担任の先生にお願いして、ネイティブの先生に添削してもらえるようお願いしてみましょう！僕自身、浪人したらそうするつもりでした。\n\n最後になりますが、僕は1年間英作する習慣を続けたおかげで、京大の夏模試では、50点中20点くらいだったのが、秋模試では40点程まで取れるようになったので、是非試してみて下さい！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"阪大 英作文"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"少し遅いのでは？と感じます。\n\n阪大の英作文は自由英作文と和文英訳で構成されていますよね。\n\n自由英作文は比較的、対策が講じやすく、論理展開さえしっかりしていれば得点は安定します。\n\nただ、和文英訳は京大レベル、下手すると京大より難しい年もあります。\n\nそのため、和文英訳では「大コケしない」ことが重要となります。\n和文英訳は定型表現や熟語、タブーなどがある程度存在します。そのためにも、早めの対策は必要だと感じます。\n\n「和文英訳は英語の集大成」と恩師が語っていたように、語彙、文法、論理、多くのものが要求されます。\n和文英訳を行うことで、英語力の底上げや単語、熟語の理解にも繋がると考えられるので、是非とも腰を据えて取り組んでみてください。生兵法は大怪我のもとです。深い知識を蓄えていきましょう。\n\n例解 和文英訳教本 (文法矯正編)\n例解 和文英訳教本 (公式運用編)\nこれらのテキストがオススメです。\n本屋さんで立ち読みしてみてください。\n\n\nちなみに、「大コケ」「腰を据えて」「生兵法は大怪我のもと」こうした表現を英語で書く力が英作文に必要な力です。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"新高２生  これからの英語の挽回"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは！\n\nMasaharuさんのおっしゃる通り、単語、文法は受験英語の基礎基本となる部分なので、引き続き取り組んでください。\nここからは、Masaharuさんは単語、文法にはそれほど問題がないという前提でお話させていただきます。\n\n単語、文法はそこそこできるものの、長文が読めないという方は、英文への「慣れ」が圧倒的に足りないと考えられます。\n英文に慣れるためには、ひたすら英語に触れ、ひたすら音読し続けることが必要です。\nその際に使う英文は、学校・塾でやった英文でも、長文、英文がまとめられている問題集でも、模試の問題でも、なんでもいいですが、「少し難しい」レベルのものにしましょう。(しんどすぎず、得るものも多く、1番効率がいいです。)\n\nその際のポイントが、「一つ一つしっかり読めるように、理解できるようにすること」「そのあとで絶対に2回以上は音読すること」です。\n復習の際、最初にわからなかった「単語やイディオムの意味」、「構造(関係代名詞、倒置、分詞構文など)」を全てペンで書き込み、それがほぼ無意識で読めるようになるまで音読をするといいと思います。\n理想は、音源があって、「シャドウイング(音源から少し遅れて(ほぼ同時に)読む)」ができればなお良いです。\n\nそうすれば、英語の語順、リズムに慣れることができ、(単語、文法が多少分からなくても)英文が読めるようになると思います。\n\n繰り返しになりますが、単語、文法の学習は継続してください！\n長文を読みながら分からないことがあれば、文法書に立ち返って復習しましょう。\n\nがんばってください！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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