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1b:T1371,ああさん、お久しぶりです。今回もまた日本史について、エビデンスベースで回答していければと思います。

本回答は以下の構成でお伝えしていきます。
①用語の説明文まできっちり覚える勉強が適切かどうか

以上1点です。

①用語の説明文まできっちり覚える勉強が適切かどうか
結論、適切です。

早稲田の正誤問題の本質はまさにコレです。

寺子屋事件の例に出せば、早稲田（特に社学では）「京都」を「大阪」に、「島津久光」を他の人名に、「従わなかった」を「従った」（従ったに変えると文脈がおかしいですが、用語と言われる部分以外にも引っ掛けポイントがあるということを例示したい）に変更して引っ掛けてきます。


ただし、1000題テストで3位取れるという事実を参考に、今回はもう一段階深いアドバイスをさせていただきます。

それは教科書メインで勉強して欲しいというアドバイスです。
しかし、前提条件があります。
a.教科書に抵抗がない
b.英語国語の学力が問題ない

です。
一問一答だけで勉強しているなら教科書に今から取り組むのはかえってリスクなので以下のアドバイスはBのみ参考にしてください。

今回は早稲田2022年社学の問題を引用します。
まず、社学に特に顕著な傾向として、
A.「教科書にしかない記述」
B.「出来事の時代の出題」

2点があります。
まず、Aです。
大問I.問3の女性に関する問題です。この問題（恐らく選択肢ホの雑さゆえ）は受験者全員が正解になった問題ですが、一問一答だけで勉強してると判別できない文章の良い例なので、それぞれの選択肢を山川教科書を元に考えてみます。
イ、山川教科書P52L12に「女性の発言力が強かった」とあります。よって誤
ロ、山川教科書P52L9に「夫婦としていずれかの父母のもとで生活」とあります。よって正
ハ、山川教科書P52左下画像『村上遺跡』の注釈に「竪穴式住居数棟〜（中略）〜単位が多数集合して村落が形成されていた」とあります。よって正
ニ、山川教科書P52「律令では中国の家父長制的な家族制度にならって父系の相続を重んじたが、一般民衆では（以下略）」とあります。律令と民衆生活の実態の乖離があったことがわかるため、誤
ホ、この選択肢のせいで問題破綻したので説明省略^_^

このように、早稲田が明らかに山川教科書から問題を作成していることがわかるかと思います。これら選択肢以外にもこのP52の中でいえば、「夫婦は結婚しても別姓」「自分の財産を持っていた」ことも覚えておくべきです。（私の教科書に出題有との記載があるので、過去どこかの学部でも出ている）

恐らく、赤本でも難問とは書かれないレベルですが、受験生には難問に感じる問題です。しかしながら、早稲田社学を目指すなら過去に出題もありますし、取っておきたい問題だと私は思います。

B.「出来事の時代の把握」
ここでは2022社学大問4問10の法律成立時期に関する問題を考えます。
これは正誤でもなく全選択肢単語ですが、どの法律が平沼内閣で成立したかを問う問題です。一問一答だけだとかなり難しいと思います。仮に何年に成立したか分かっても、どの首相だったかまでは難しいです。（戦時中の内閣はコロコロ入れ替わるから）戦時中において、どの内閣でどの政策やどんな戦況だったかは頻出です。（戦時中以外も政策や出来事がどの為政者の時だったかを問う問題はかなり多い）ゆえに、社学志望なら取っておきたい問題です。
したがって、それぞれの出来事がどの為政者の時かまで整理して覚えると点数アップが見込めます。


以上が私からのアドバイスです。
一問一答の説明文まで覚えている途中とのことで、すぐには成果出ないかと思われます。
だんだん成果が出ます。
アドバイスbは、一問一答で勉強していくにしても必ず意識してください。比較的成果に直結しやすいと思います。
いまは、一答から一問を繋げている最中かとおもいますが、並行して、一問と一問も繋げていきます。ここまでできれば平均点プラス2割は確実に安定します。

それでは、勉強応援しております。
最後までお読みいただき、ありがとうございました。1c:Tef4,こんにちは！勉強お疲れ様です🫶🏻
私がやっていた日本史の勉強法や暗記法について紹介しようと思います。

まずは勉強法についてです。
簡単に勉強の流れを説明すると、

①通史テキストを1つ決める(教科書、参考書、塾のテキスト等)
②今日はこの章を頭に入れる！と決めたら、話の流れや因果関係を意識して通史のテキストを読んでいく
③テキストを読んでいて流れがわからないところがあれば、他の教材やネットで調べてテキストに書き込む
④読み終わったら読んだ範囲の一問一答をやる
⑤翌日に復習としてテキストをざっと読み返して一問一答をもう一度やる
⑥ある程度頭に入ったら問題集などでアウトプット

という流れでやっていました。
通史テキストを決める理由は、これから問題演習や過去問等で得る多くの情報を1つの媒体にまとめて見直しやすくするためです。ですので、今後新たな知識に出会って、かつそれがテキストに載っていない場合はガンガン書き込みをしていってください。

この方法のポイントは、話の流れや因果関係を意識する、ということです。
例えば、室町時代に観応の半済令というものがあったと思います。荘園や公領の年貢の半分を守護に与える、といった法令ですね。
この半済令が出された頃は、南朝と北朝に分かれており、さらに北朝は観応の擾乱の真っ只中でした。そこで北朝は武士たちに北朝の味方になってもらうために半済令を出した、という話を塾の授業で聞いたことがあります。
半済令と観応の擾乱、一見全く別の出来事でも観応の擾乱の影響で半済令が出た、という因果に気づくとかなり印象に残りますし、理解度も高まると思います。だからこそ、③に書いたように流れがわからなかったら納得するまでぜひ調べていただきたいです。

続いて、暗記法についていくつかご紹介します。
まずは図式化です。特に土地制度や産業などの経済史の方面で役立ちます。自分で図を書くと頭の中も整理されて、その事象への理解が深まり定着しやすくなると思います。
人物の暗記は、息抜きがてらその人物の写真や絵を調べてみたり、その人物のWikipediaなどを読んでクセの強いエピソードなんかを知ると、次にその人物と問題演習などで出会った時に「あ！あのエピソードの人だ！」とかなり高確率で思い出せると思います。
さらに、テキストだけではなく色々な媒体に触れて覚えることも効果があると感じました。資料集の写真を見たり、Youtube等にあがっている歴史系の動画を見て映像や音で覚えることも良いと思います。
他にも、どうしても覚えられないものは紙に書いて、それを防水のジップロックに入れてお風呂に浸かりながら暗記→髪を乾かしながら覚えたことを声に出してアウトプット、というのをやっていました。いつもと違う場所で暗記すると覚えやすくなる気がします。特にこれは時間のない直前期によくやっていました。
もちろん、先ほど勉強法の方で述べたように因果で覚えることも効果的な暗記法だと思います。

長くなってしまいましたが、私からは以上になります。少しでもお役に立てれば幸いです🙇‍♀️受験勉強、応援しています！1e:T11db,本当は一橋大学の学生の方がお答えになるのが望ましいのでしょうが、少し思ったところがあったので、僭越ながら書かせていただきます。
❶「時代と空間の理解」について
「時代と空間の理解」というのは、仰る通り、年号や地図で横のつながりを意識しながら一つ一つの歴史上の出来事について理解を深めていくことだと思います。ただ、それは単に年号や地図上の場所を覚えればそれで良いというわけでもないと思います。例えば、一つの争いごとについて見てるにしても、①そこには必ずそれを起こした人（あるいは人たち）がいます。そして、彼らがそれを引き起こさなければならなかった原因も必ずあるはずです。ここでまず、なぜその人たちがその争いごとを引き起こしたのかについて考えるとき、その争いごとが起きた時代にはどんな政治体制（支配者と被支配者の力関係など）が実施されていたのかとか、あるいはその時代の人々の生活はどのようなものだったのか（豊かだったのか貧しかったのかなど）とかのような時代的特徴が一つの大きなカギになります。また、その地域に特有の地理的事情があって、それが原因となる可能性も考えられます。②それから、原因がわかれば、自然その出来事の性質もわかるようになります。例えば過去に、絶対王政的な支配関係が確立されていた国で、人々が理不尽な抑圧に耐えかねて権力者に対して武力闘争を仕掛けたとしましょう。このとき、この出来事の性質は、簡単に言えばクーデターであることは自然にわかるでしょう。③そして、その出来事を受けてその後の時代状況がどのように変化したのか、ということも重要です。なぜなら、一定の長期的な流れを持つ国ほど、そこで起きた出来事がその後に起きる出来事にいくらか影響を与えるからです。例えば、ある国家のある時代の皇帝はこういう政治体制を実施し、こういった政策や行動をしたというとき、なぜそのような政治状況になったのかといえば、その前の皇帝の時代に、そのような政治状況に変える必要性を感じさせるほどの出来事があったからだという場合は十分に考えられます。以上のように、①その出来事を引き起こした主体、②その出来事の性質に注目することで「なぜその時代にその地域でその出来事が起こらなければならなかったのか」を明らかにするとともに、③その出来事が当時の人々にどのように受け止められ、その後の時代状況にどのような影響を与えたのか、ということにも注目することによって、歴史上の知識にどんどん関係性を持たせ、ストーリーや流れを掴んでいく。これが、「時代と空間を理解する」ということなのではないでしょうか。そして、教科書や参考書を読むときなんかは、こういったてんに着目して読んでいけば、歴史に対する理解も深まっていくのではないでしょうか。
❷論述の勉強法
京大志望の時代に、論述の勉強をしていました。その方法とは、任意の学校の添削課題で世界史論述のやつがあったので、それを取りました。具体的には、Z会の『世界史論術のトレーニング』のうち指定された問題を解き、自己添削したのち、それを先生に提出すると、後で先生がさらにそれを確認・補足的に添削したものが返ってくるという感じでした。京大は300字ですが、一橋はさらにきつく400字ということで、はじめのうちは手も足も出なくても仕方がないと思います。最初のうちは、教科書を使って解答を書いてみることから始めてもいいと思います。教科書の知識どうしを自分なりに関係づけて解答を書いていくだけでも結構頭を使うので。それでだんだんと慣れてくれば、何も見ずに解いてみるというのを増やしていけば良いと思います。とにかく、まずは400字という圧巻の制限字数に慣れましょう。2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=9EqoSHMBTqPwDZPuNtdU","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"戦後史の覚え方"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"冬休み 日本史復習"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"こんにちは！\n個人的に日本史が好きで、河合記述では偏差値80以上、早慶オープンでは8位だったので、少々信頼のある回答ができるのではないかなと思います。\n\n回答に移ります。\n\nまずは、一問一答を使い、語句の確認をします。その後、分からなかった語句に付箋を貼ります。これは、学校などへの移動時間に行うのが理想的です。そして、机を使える環境に着いたら、分からなかった語句とその周辺の知識を白紙のノートにストーリー仕立てで殴り書きします。そうすると、単なる語句の暗記だけにならず、事件における因果関係を理解することになるので、難関大学での記述もしくは、正誤判定に役立つことになります。このように、語句暗記と話の理解を同時に行う復習が理想的ではないかなと思います。ただ、この方法を行う際、綺麗にノートに書くのではなく、短時間で行うのが、良いと思います。\n\n例\n天皇大権→枢密院の同意が必要/そもそも天皇は、神聖不可侵であり、統治権の統帥者。/天皇は、陸海軍の統帥権をもつ＝陸海軍は、内閣から独立し天皇に直属。なぜ？軍が暴走したら内閣が手を出せず、総辞職に追い込まれてしまう。では、その統帥権はどのように運営されるのか？陸軍は、参謀本部、海軍は海軍軍令部を置き指揮。じゃあ、軍事行政は？陸軍省と海軍省で。/非常事態では、緊急勅令もしくは、戒厳令。戒厳令出されたの何回？いつ？\n\nみたいな感じで殴り書きすると良いです！\n\n質問者様のさらなる飛躍を期待しています。\n\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"関連づけられない"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"「視覚」の利用が効果的な人がいます。実は私も質問者さんのように活字をひたすらに追って日本史を勉強していた時期があり、合いませんでした。勿論頭のなかでうまく組み立てて教科書や本をよむことだけで歴史を理解している人もいますが、むしろ少数ではないでしょうか。山〇の日本史の教科書なんかも、友人の東大生が「市販の参考書の方が何倍も分かりやすい」と嘆いていました。（※個人差あります。山〇の教科書は歴史を一通り学んだ今となっては本当に勉強になります。）\n\nさて、結論から「金谷の日本史共通テストこれだけ」といった黄色い仕様の参考書（二冊に分かれてます）があります。ぜひ書店でちらっと見てみてください。\nこれは、時代ごとに「表」でキーワードや年代、あるいは天皇や将軍が整理されています。私はこれを何度も繰り返し見たり、あるいは問題演習のあとにここにかえったり、または教科書を理解するのに見たりしていました。最後は一種の写真記憶のような感じで表が頭のなかに定着していき、時代の並べかえなどにも強くなりました。\n\nとにかく手に取ってみてみることをおすすめします。これがある程度定着したら、あるいは同時\n平行で一問一答などで「肉付けしていく」イメージがよいかと。。\n\n早稲田の日本史は大変と感じることもあるかと思います。最終的に「完璧」にしあげてくるじゅけん\n生は皆無に等しいかと思いますので、ぜひとれる問題を落とさない意識を忘れず、最後までどうか頑張ってください。応援しています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"日本史 夏までに通史 暗記法と勉強法を知りたい"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"はじめまして、えむと申します。\n日本史選択で早稲田を受験したので、お力になれると思い投稿させていただきます！\n\nはじめに、あくまで私の一意見ですが一問一答だけの勉強は単純暗記オンリーの勉強となってしまう為、それだけで戦うことは入試の際辛くなってしまうかもしれません。\n\n以下私の予備校の先生の言葉ですが、日本史は因果関係で出来ています。単語の暗記で終わらせられるほど単純ではないですし、絶対にそれぞれの出来事に繋がりがあります。それを抑えていくことが受験勉強の際には有効であるかと思います。\n\nぜろしゃんさんが予備校に通われるか分かりませんが、予備校に通うことが可能ならば日本史の授業を取ることを強くおすすめします。\n社会科は自学自習で学べると思われがちですが、それでは因果関係を正しく抑えるのが難しいかと思われます。\n私自身高3になるまでは参考書で日本史の勉強をしていたのでわかりますが、予備校の授業を受けると隠されていた因果関係に気づき、強く驚くことが多くありました。自身の学習じゃ入試には歯が立たないと知り、予備校の授業をとり始めました。結果授業を取って本当に良かったなと思いますし、入試本番も早稲田では8割、MARCHでは9割の得点をすることが出来ました。\n\nここまで予備校の授業を強く勧めましたが、様々な理由で授業をとることが難しい場合もあると思うので、自学自習の際に気をつける点を！\n\n☆出来事同士の因果関係を積極的に考える。（これをやることで、ただ名前を暗記するよりスっと脳内に入ってきます！）\n☆単語の単純暗記をしない。人物名であれば他の出来事に紐付けて暗記をしておく。\n☆自身で歴史の流れを説明できるようになるまで勉強をする。\n\n以上3点が大切になるかと思われます。\n私は授業を受けるまでは実況中継を使用して勉強していました。（あくまで参考程度に！）\n\nぜろしゃんさんの役に立つことを心より願っています。応援しています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"日本史が終わらない、"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"私は理系ですが、センター試験で現役浪人どちらも9割を超えました。\n\n人の脳は夜寝ている間に記憶を整理するので、\nわたしは夜寝る前に音読して覚えることが多かったです。\nそして朝起きたら確認する\nというサイクルでやると定着が早いと思います。\n\nまた覚えなきゃいけないことを紙に書いてトイレに貼っておくのも効果的です。\n\nある程度インプットしたら、友達と問題を出し合うのがオススメです。\n出した方も出された方も記憶に残ります。\n\nまた日本史をがむしゃらに覚えよう、という人もいますが、あまりお勧めしません。\n歴史には必ず意味があります。\n人の名前とかはとにかく覚えなきゃ、ですが、どういう流れて戦いが起きたのか、何を目的に法律を作ったのか、\nなど、背景から学ぶようにしてください。\n\nなので一問一答のようなアウトプット形式を完璧にするというよりは、教科書と単語集のようなものを完璧にすべきだと思います。\n\nまだまだ本番まで時間はあるので頑張ってください！"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"日本史 因果関係"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"因果関係というのは、まぁ簡単に言ってしまえば、なぜどうして、ということだと思います。なぜそれが起こったのか、それが起こったことでどうなったのか、これが因果関係です。近現代ではたしかに因果関係が大切です。例えば、近現代ではいろいろな経済対策が行われますが、その時の経済状況さえ知っていればどのような経済対策が行われるかが分かります。なぜなら経済を悪くしようとする政治家はいないからです。経済を良くするという結果から、当時の経済状況(インフレ、デフレetc)を考慮すれば、どういう政策が行われるかがわかるということです。その逆もまた然りです。近現代ではこのような因果関係が分かれば、より理解が強まり、暗記ではなく思考によって歴史を辿ることができます。\nどのように勉強すればいいか、という質問ですが、このような因果関係を意識しながらテキストや教科書を読み込むしかないと思います。慶應の経済など、記述がある学部を受ける場合は因果関係がわかっていないとかなり厳しいと思いますので、もし受けるのであれば因果関係を意識しながらの勉強に取り組んでみてください。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 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