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18:T1693,東京工業大学理学院に現役合格した者です。基礎固めに不安があるとのことでしたので、アドバイスをさせていただきます。
まず、数学ですね。現在使っている参考書が何か分かりませんので、私が基礎固めに使ったものとその勉強方法を紹介します。
私は青チャートを用いて基礎固めを行っておりました。具体的には、例題を周回し、理解ができたと思ったタイミングでexerciseと呼ばれる章末問題的なものに取り組んでおりました。ステップ事に詳しく解説しますね。
まず、例題の周回ですが、これは問題を解く際の基本的な考え方を身につけるのが目的であります。ここで注意しておきたいのですが、解法の「丸暗記」だけは絶対にしないでください。考え方を身につけるのが目的ですから、「理解」に重点を置いていただけると良いかと思います。具体的には、解答を読む際に、なぜこの解法が思いついたのか？他の方法ではダメなのか？なぜこのタイミングでこの定理を用いたのか？なぜこんな断り書きをしているのか？など…を自分の頭の中で考えながら勉強されていくのかオススメです。解法を丸暗記せず、しっかりと理解をすれば、初見の問題でも解き進めることが出来ます。自分の頭で考えた経験で勝負をするイメージですね。実際、私は数学の問題を解くときに解法はほぼ意識していません。問題文から、何を求めたいのか、今何をすればいいのかを読み取り、今までの経験を元に正解までのルートを組んでいます。丸暗記よりもこのような勉強方法の方が楽しいですし、他教科にも応用できる思考力が身につきますので、圧倒的に効率がよろしいかと思います。
次に化学・化学基礎ですね。学校でセミナーなどといった基礎的な問題集は配られているでしょうか。配られていない場合、書店で適当な物を探してください。教科書はお持ちである前提で勉強方法を紹介します。
理論化学分野から説明します。
理論化学は計算がメインになりますので、暗記より圧倒的に理解が重要になります。具体的には教科書を読み込み、現象を理解することに重点を置きます。なんとなく現象の意味が分かったタイミングで問題集などで具体的な問題を解くのが良いでしょう。一つ一つの計算がその現象の何に対応しているのかを考え、意味をしっかり理解してください。
続いて無機分野ですね。
こちらは非常に暗記が多い分野ですから、なかなか手を付けづらいかと思います。基本問題とはいえ、解くためには知識が必要です。しかし、基本問題を解くために教科書を読んで暗記をしていてもなかなか身につかないでしょう。そこで、私が実際にやっていた方法を紹介します。それは、解答を読みながら基本問題を周回しまくることです。教科書を一読した段階で問題集に入っていただいて構いません。おそらく、分からない問題ばかりかと思いますので、最初から解答を見て、問題文と照らし合わせる作業をしてください。この時、語句問題の答えは手元の紙に書きながら進めてください。書いてれば勝手に覚えます。問題集の文章を暗記する勢いで大丈夫です。5週もすれば基礎的な知識は全て頭に入るでしょう。そして、無機分野で厄介なものとして、気体の製法とイオンや化合物の色が挙げられますね。この2つに関しては個別に勉強方法を紹介します。
まず、気体の製法ですが、基本的に覚える必要はありません。ほとんどの反応は弱酸・弱塩基遊離反応か酸化・還元反応です。酸化還元は多少暗記要素が含まれますか、弱酸・弱塩基遊離反応に関しては暗記0で大丈夫です。無機分野で勉強するというよりは、理論分野の勉強として処理して頂ければ余裕なはずです。
化合物などの色に関しては、とにかく周回して遺伝子レベルで覚えさせましょう。残念ながら、ここでの暗記は避けられません。しかし、ただ覚えるだけではすぐに忘れてしまいますので、身近な物と結びつけて記憶することを意識しましょう。例えば、酸化亜鉛は白色であることと、絵の具のジンクホワイトに使われているということを結びつける…といった具合です。多少は楽ですし、楽しめると思います。
最後に有機ですね。有機では構造決定がメインになりますが、まず最初に立ちはだかる壁といえば、官能基の種類の多さではないでしょうか。これらは一気に暗記を試みると普通に挫折します。問題集では「アルコールとエーテル」や「アルデヒドとケトン」など、異性体ごとに単元が分かれていると思いますので、1単元ごとにじっくり問題を解き、覚えていくのがよろしいかと思います。高分子化合物も出題されると思いますが、これは無機と同じ勉強法で大丈夫です。

以上、私の経験からオススメと思われる勉強法をご紹介しました。志望校合格に向けて頑張りましょう。1c:Tc62,演習の際、用意している教材は問題集のみでしょうか？
もしそうなら、必ず教科書や図録を見ながら取り組みましょう。
教科書や図録を使わずに学習をする人は、丸暗記に陥りがちです。
解説が的を絞ったことしか書いていないからです。

以下詳細な回答です。

＊丸暗記では勝てない
＊暗記の心得3カ条
＊人に教えて理解を深める
＊まとめ

－－－－－－－－－－－－

【丸暗記では勝てない】

京大の化学は丸暗記で挑む人を叩きのめす構造になっています。
基本的な事柄に対しても「なぜか？」を理解して説明できる力が必要です。

大問1…酸化還元や物質の構造に関する問題
大問2…溶液や気体の化学平衡に関する問題
大問3…有機化学に関する問題
大問4…高分子化合物に関する問題

が例年のパターンです。

計算問題や有機化学のパズルは一見論証と関わりなさそうですが、立式導出過程を問題文から理解するということが必要になってくるので、丸暗記が習慣になっている人は苦戦を強いられます。

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【暗記の心得3カ条】

駿台化学科の石川正明先生は、
「論理性」
「意味性」
「感動性」
を大切に理解暗記していきましょう、と指導されています。

「論理性」
何故そうなるのかを説明できると、自信をもって理解暗記できます。
(例)
過マンガン酸イオンが、酸性溶液中で酸化剤としてはたらく半反応式
MnO4(-)   8•H( )   5•e(-) → Mn(2 )   4•H2O
これは何故このような式になるのか、自分なりにわかりやすく説明できるようになっている人の方が自信を持って暗記できます。
教科書と化学図録を用いて詳しく調べながら学習を進めると良いです。

「意味性」
それを理解すると何が得られるのかを知ると、理解暗記する意欲が増します。
例)
ステアリン酸×3とグリセリンから成る油脂は分子量890で、これを覚えておけば高分子化合物の分子量絡みの計算が速くなる。

「感動性」
面白い、すごい、ひどい、と心動くことで暗記しやすくなります。
例)
「水兵リーベ僕の船…」に代表されるような語呂合わせ。


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【人に教えて理解を深める】

重要問題集で自分が出来た問題でも、誰かにわかりやすく解説することは出来ますか？
「論理性」「意味性」「感動性」を意識して、人に教えてみてください。
これは僕が実践してきた化学勉強法です。
友達同士で質問し合いっこしましょう。
特に模試の復習でこれをやると効果的です。

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【まとめ】

問題集 教科書 図録で演習。
人と教えあいっこで理解を深める。
京大相手に丸暗記では太刀打ちできない。2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=8LsOMWUB-hIftn5djqB0","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"化学基礎は化学を解く上で必要か"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between mb-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"text-left text-xs text-caption","children":["クリップ(",2,") コメント(",0,")"]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-right text-xs text-caption","children":"8/13 11:12"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"理科基礎独学かこのままか"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"自分は地学基礎と生物基礎で受験しました。\n\n個人的に数理系が本当に苦手な文系生はこの2科目が1番ラクだと考えています。言ってしまえば暗記ゲーですから。ただ、理系の友達の話だと化学基礎、物理基礎は覚えることが少なくてむしろラクだということらしいので（数弱の自分には縁のない感覚ですが笑）、ご自身のタイプに合うものを選ぶといいでしょう。典型的な組み合わせとしては\n\n文系　地学基礎　生物基礎\n理系　物理基礎　化学基礎　\n\nですね。自分の学校はむしろ難関大向けにこれを推奨していましたよ。物理・地学の組み合わせは見たことありませんが、物理は理系寄りの文系生はちょくちょく選択してましたね。\n\n理科基礎の勉強法（物化は分かりません(＞人＜;)）としては、生・地はとにかく教科書を読むことです。地学に関しては今から始めても気合次第では十分間に合うと思います。教科書を読んで、それに準拠したワークを解いて知識を定着させる。これを繰り返してください。「ベストフィット地学基礎」というワークがおすすめです。各項目の冒頭に教科書の内容をまとめたページが2,3ページあり、その後に典型問題→発展問題と続きます。これを何周も何周もした後、秋冬頃からセンター地学基礎の過去問を解きまくってください。段々と典型パターンが見えてきます。文系生の場合、だいたい地学基礎は得点源になる科目です。努力すれば必ず結果に出てきますよ。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1 mr-3","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"化学がまったくわからない"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"セミナーの発展問題はそれなりに難しいですよ。\n難しければ飛ばしてもいいくらいです。\n\nセンターのみなら、センター対策の問題集もう1冊。\n2次まであるなら、重要化学問題集などの問題集。\nが追加で必要なので、セミナー基本問題が終わればそちらに移ったほうが効率的だと思います。\n\nまた、化学を根本から分かっていないのであれば、参考書を買って読みながらやるといいと思いますよ！\n例えば、「ゼロから劇的にわかる」とかですかね。\nこれは正直何でもいいので、実際に手に取って気に入ったもので大丈夫かと。\n\n高３から化学というのは進度が遅いですね。\n参考書を使って独学でやってもいいと思いますよ！\n"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0V0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M12 6c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2m0 10c2.7 0 5.8 1.29 6 2H6c.23-.72 3.31-2 6-2m0-12C9.79 4 8 5.79 8 8s1.79 4 4 4 4-1.79 4-4-1.79-4-4-4zm0 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