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1c:Tcde,ひたすら多読するのが一番の近道だと思います。記述で少しずつ落としてしまうのは、少し文構造を取り間違えたり、単語や熟語を知らなかったりするからですが、これに対する特効薬のようなものは無く、ただ沢山の長文に触れ、学び、慣れていく他ないと思います。残された時間が少なく焦ってしまうとは思いますが、根気よくやっていくしかありません。

英語は、①単語②文法③解釈④長文⑤英作の5つをこの順にやるのが良いと言われることが多いです。ただ①、②を完璧にすることは不可能なので、何となくできてきたら次に進むのが良いと思います。質問者さんが高校三年生であることを考えると、解釈または長文をするのがいいと思います(同時並行で英作をやるのもアリ)。問題集としては、基礎英文問題精講、基礎長文問題精講をおすすめします。

説明問題は、適当な部分を見つけて訳す問題、すなわち英文和訳の問題に帰着されるとよく言われます。説明問題に対処するためには、まず英文を訳せるようにならなければなりません。英文を訳すためには、丁寧に文構造をとる練習が必要なので、基礎英文問題精講など英文解釈系の問題集を1冊やっておくのがいいと思います。丁寧に文構造をとることで、少しずつ点を落としてしまうことを減らすことが出来ます。その後、身についた英文解釈の力を活かすべく、基礎長文問題精講などの問題集で英文和訳に慣れるのがおすすめです。

一橋大学の過去問をやっていないならば1年分やってみるといいと思います。英作に自信が無いなら長文の問題である大問1(年によって大問2も)だけでもやってみると、自分の苦手なところや、ケアレスミスをしがちなところ、思わず雑に訳してしまうところなどを確認することが出来ると思います。解答はできれば他人にみてもらうのがいいですが、もし出来ないならば自己採点をするのが良いと思います。自己採点する際、自分で解答の要素を区切って細かく見ていくのがおすすめです。実際、模試や入試の採点者は機械的に要素採点をしていることが多いそうです。

ちなみに、解答で意訳しすぎているような問題集、参考書がありますが、そのように全てを意訳する必要はなく、学校で習ったような意訳(無生物主語など)以外は直訳で減点されることはあまりないです。不自然な日本語でも、自分が文構造を分かっているという証明になるのでそのまま書くべきです。前述のように要素採点なので、どの日本語がどの英語の部分に対応しているのか分かりにくい場合、減点されるかも知れません。

もし余裕があるなら、一橋大学以外の大学の過去問をやってみるのもいいと思います。阪大や京大の和訳問題は良い問題が多いです。2:["$","main",null,{"className":"px-4 pt-4 pb-4","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"max-w-3xl mx-auto w-full","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"https://unilink-app.onelink.me/isbO/h6xeh63x?advice=7zT-bG0BTqPwDZPuBkbT","target":"_blank","children":["$","$L8",null,{"src":"/images/web_to_app_banner.jpg","width":3660,"height":1500,"sizes":"100vw","style":{"width":"100%","height":"auto"},"alt":"UniLink WebToAppバナー画像","className":"mb-4 rounded"}]}]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"和訳ができない"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex justify-between mb-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"text-left text-xs text-caption","children":["クリップ(",31,") コメント(",1,")"]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-right text-xs text-caption","children":"9/26 18:54"}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark mb-4","children":"UniLink利用者の80%以上は、難関大学を志望する受験生です。これまでのデータから、偏差値の高いユーザーほど毎日UniLinkアプリを起動することが分かっています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L13",null,{"clientImageUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_BB0B34556AF74511B2A2CFFD0A69B5CC.jpg?alt=media&token=98c28582-74bf-47fc-adad-75f326acf770","clientUserName":"Ariana","infoString":"高3 奈良県 大阪府立大学志望","adviceId":"7zT-bG0BTqPwDZPuBkbT"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"leading-loose whitespace-pre-wrap","children":[["$","div","consultation-part-0",{"children":[null,"綺麗な和訳にならない。\n模試などでわからない単語があるときは特にうまく和訳できません。どんな練習をすればいいですか。どんな参考書すればいいですか"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"pt-4","children":["$","$L14",null,{}]}],null]}],["$","h1",null,{"className":"text-xl font-semibold mb-2","children":"回答"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L15",null,{"adviserImageUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_D289A8CC09E744DB9545595648B0E181.jpg?alt=media&token=c117e98a-1423-4825-a066-5cbae4fe188b","adviserName":"bethanywillams","adviserDepartment":"慶應義塾大学文学部","adviceId":"7zT-bG0BTqPwDZPuBkbT"}]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"coach-mark mb-4","children":"すべての回答者は、学生証などを使用してUniLinkによって審査された東大・京大・慶應・早稲田・一橋・東工大・旧帝大のいずれかに所属する現役難関大生です。加えて、実際の回答をUniLinkが確認して一定の水準をクリアした合格者だけが登録できる仕組みとなっています。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"leading-loose whitespace-pre-wrap mb-4","children":[["$","div","advice-part-0",{"children":[null,"1日1題でいいので第1志望と同じレベルの過去問を全文和訳ノートに書く。(頭の中でやるのはだめ。どうしても訳をうやむやにしちゃうから)\nで、この全文和訳の仕方がわからないのだと思うのだけれど、やり方としては\n①いったん自力でむりむり全文和訳(辞書OK)\n②答えに載ってる全文和訳を見て、合ってるか確認(ここで意訳の仕方や言葉運びを吸収する)\nこれ毎日繰り返し。\n\nわからない単語に対処するには類推する訓練が必要。つまり文脈から知らない単語を推測するってことね。これは、最初読んでる途中にわからない単語を丸とかでくくったりして、推測して、答え合せで確認するだけでいい。\n\nあと単語に関しては、単語帳の太字だけ覚えるんでなく、その横に書いてあるサブの意味とかまで見て、総合的にふわっとした概念でとらえとくと、和訳の時に意訳しやすい。(もちろん太字を完全に覚えきった後でね)\n\n和訳は毎日やってれば2週間もすれば慣れを感じられると思うよ。がんばれ。"]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-4","children":["$","$L16",null,{"adviserImageUrl":"https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/unilink-48e75.appspot.com/o/images%2Fs_D289A8CC09E744DB9545595648B0E181.jpg?alt=media&token=c117e98a-1423-4825-a066-5cbae4fe188b","adviserName":"bethanywillams","adviserDepartment":"慶應義塾大学文学部","adviceId":"7zT-bG0BTqPwDZPuBkbT","numberOfFan":278,"clipsAvg":10.960372960372961,"adviceRateAvg":4.456603773584906,"profile":"😬😬  世界史選択 / 現役 / 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font-semibold","children":"よく一緒に読まれている人気の回答"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-8","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"divide-y","children":[["$","div",null,{"children":["$","$L7",null,{"href":"/advice/nTIJG2mSNRfxHUjk","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"flex items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"過去問(英語) 復習について。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"全文訳すのは効率が悪いと思います。訳す練習なら訳する価値のある英文を訳するべきです。\n\n英語の読み方、勉強の仕方は人それぞれで、どれが正しいというのはありませんから、いろんな人のアドバイスを聞いて自分にあった勉強法を見つけてください。\n\n僕の勉強法、英語の読み方、勉強の仕方は\n\nパラグラフ毎にちょこっとまとめてメモを取っておく→全体像を掴み、問題を解いていく→答え合わせ、内容把握に誤りはないか、誤解して読んだ文はないか、単語の予測は正しかったかなどチェック→次の問題へ\n\nという感じです。内容要約するのもいい練習だと思います。また、読むときは現代文を解くように重要なところを見つけ、線を引いていくようにして、内容がわかりやすいようにしています。重要なのは全部読めることでなく、内容が把握できて問題が解けることです。わからないところはさっと飛ばして答え合わせの時に勉強すればいいんです。わからなかったところ、誤読しているところをしっかり勉強してください。分かっているところを全訳する必要はありません。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"模試の復習の仕方"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"しおりさんの復習法は一見復習してるようで殆ど意味がないです。一度解いた問題はいつ解いても満点取れるようにし、その状態を入試当日まで維持しないとダメです。\n以下各科目具体的に書きます。\n\n現代文\n段落毎の存在理由の明確化と抽象具体の分別、筆者主張の核を抜き出す。解説を見ずにまずは自分で考える。現代文は思考を放棄し解説に頼った時点でその問題から得られるものがなくなります。\n\n古文漢文\n解いてる時に出来なかった単語文法句法その他知識問題は全てルーズリーフの左半分に書き出し、右に意味を書く。\n頭の中で意味を追いながら声に出して音読する。10日間は毎日読んで、以降は音読リストにストックしておく。音読リストにストックしたものは1日30分ずつ今までの総音読回数が少ないものから読む。\n\n英語\n全ての問題で分からなかった単語熟語文法をルーズリーフの左半分に書き、右に意味などを書く。\n後は古文と同じ要領で音読。\n\n日本史\n間違えた問題が東進一問一答にあるか確認してあったらチェックを付ける。一問一答にないものは覚えなくても入試で差が付かないので無視。逆に細かいものを追い求めると効率が悪くなり不合格になるので注意。\n\n古典と英語のルーズリーフの使い方について\n右を隠し左だけ見て意味を答える、間違えたらチェックをつける、2周目からチェックだけやり出来たらチェックを消す、チェックを全て消したら上記を繰り返す。\n\n分かりづらいところがあったらまた質問してください"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"２次試験の英語に関する質問です。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"文意から察すると、冒頭の和文英訳は英文和訳の間違いですかね？ここでは英文和訳について書きますね。どのようなトレーニングがよいかですが、実際に自分で和訳し、お手本の解答とどこが違うのかを明らかにして、表現を自分のものにする。というのがおすすめです。結局言ってしまえば「慣れ」になってしまうかと思います。地味なことで申し訳ないのです。ですが、その中で規則というかコツがわかってくるかと思います。例えば英語は名詞中心の言語で日本語は動詞中心の言語なので、英語の名詞表現を和訳する時には動詞的に訳すとか、無生物主語構文の主語は副詞的に訳すとかですね。そのようなコツを習得するには、やはり数をこなすしかありません。\nまとめると、漠然と問題を解いてお手本を見て納得するだけというより、自分の解答とそのお手本とはどこが異なっていて、そのお手本が上手な日本語になっているのは何故なのか。その「理由」を常に考えて演習を積むことが大切です。あまり即効性のあるアドバイスが出来なくて申し訳ないのですが、「理由」を意識して学習すれば、きっとこなれた日本語訳が自然にできるようになるかと思います。\n最後におまけですが、お手本がない場合、deeplという翻訳サイトをおすすめします。精度が高くこなれた日本語訳をしてくれることが多いので、参考になるかと思います。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex mb-1","children":[["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"英語の勉強方法"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"まずは一度普段解いている長文を全て日本語に訳してノートに書いてみましょう。この全訳の出来次第で、今後取るべき勉強方法が変わってきます。\n\n\n①辞書や文法書などを見ないと日本語が書けない\nこれは読めているようで実は読めてないことの証左になってしまいます。なので訳せなかった部分の単語や文法は必ず解説を見て確認し、その都度覚えるようにして下さい。また、単語帳や文法の問題集などもいつも以上に時間を割いて演習する必要が出てきます。\n\n\n②訳はわりとスラスラ書ける\n訳を書けるということは内容はほぼ完璧に理解できているということです。にも関わらず設問が解けないとなると、単に解き慣れてないか、効率の悪い解き方をしてしまっている可能性が高いです。以下に設問を解く際のポイントを挙げてみるので、参考にしてみてください。\n\n⑴設問に先に目を通す\nこれは国語でも同じですね。文章の内容にいきなり突入するんではなく、どんなことが聞かれるのか先に知ってから読んでいった方が遥かに効率がいいです。\nただ、選択肢から選ぶタイプの問題は、その選択肢の中身までは読まない方がいいと個人的には思っています。例えば四つから正しい内容のものを一つ選ぶ問題だったとして、他三つは違う内容なわけですから、先にそっちを読んでしまうと本文を正確に読めなくなってしまいます。\n\n⑵段落ごとに読んでみる\n本文の読み方として、全部一気に読むのではなく、段落ごとに、読解と設問の処理を繰り返します。こうすることで解ける設問を早めに潰しながら読んでいけるので、正答率とスピードを共にあげられます。\n\n⑶段落ごとに内容をまとめる\n⑵と少し被りますが、内容整理の観点から、段落ごとに何が論じられていたのか短くまとめながら読んでいくといいかもしれません。最後の方まで読むと、最初に書いてあった内容を忘れてしまいがちですが、段落ごとに内容をまとめることによって、もし忘れてしまってもあとで手早く読み返せます。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"過去問 復習"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"東京大学に所属している者です。\n\n質問者さんのような進め方で問題ないと思います。ちなみに自分は、過去問に限らずほぼ全ての英語の長文を以下のような方法で勉強していました。\n\n①長文を｢日本語に訳さず理解しながら｣黙読する\n②理解できないところがあったら文法や和訳を確認する\n③黙読し終わったら｢日本語に訳さず理解しながら｣何回も音読する(引っかからずに音読しながら意味がとれるようになるまで)\n\n大切なのは｢日本語に訳さず理解しながら｣というところです。例えば｢This is an apple.｣という英文を理解するためにわざわざ｢これはリンゴです。｣と訳すことはないはずです。それをもっとレベルの高い英文でもできるようにする感じです。最初は精読も音読もなかなかできず、効率が悪いと感じるかもしれませんが、慣れてくるとどんな英文であっても読むスピードも正確性もどんどん向上していくので結果的に効率がいい勉強方法だと言えます。\n\nまた、模試と同様にある程度期間をあけて復習するのはとてもオススメです。その復習方法は以下のようにしましょう。\n\n①音読する\n②音読しながら理解できないところがあったら文法や和訳を確認する\n③一周したら、その後何度か音読する\n\n一度丁寧に精読した上に音読を繰り返し行っているので、多少期間が空いても少し文法や和訳を復習すれば比較的簡単に再びスラスラ読めるようになるはずです。\n\n少しでも参考になれば幸いです。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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2.89-3.14 5.74-7.9 10.05z","children":[]}]]],"style":{"color":"$undefined"},"height":16,"width":16,"xmlns":"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs mr-2","children":6}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs rounded-lg border border-text px-4","children":"過去問"}]]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"ml-3","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"bg-caption w-20 h-20 rounded-sm overflow-hidden","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"w-full h-full 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items-center py-4","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"flex-1","children":[["$","div",null,{"className":"mb-1","children":"精読ができません。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs text-caption line-clamp-2 mb-1","children":"精読ができないということで、以下に英語を精読するにあたって必要な力や、問題を解く際の意識について論じます。\n\nまず、精読をするために絶対に必要なのはまず単語です。単語なしに英語を読むことは不可能ですので、まずは単語を必死に覚えてください。「単語を覚える」とひと括りに言いますがどうなれば「覚えた」と言えるのか。それはその単語を見たときに0.1秒で意味がスッと出てくる状態を指します。「覚えた」の基準が低くなってしまっているとどうしても英語をスラスラと読むことはできません。単語についてはここからの努力次第で良いようにも悪いようにもなりますので、とにかく頑張ってください。単語帳はどの単語帳も内容は同じなのでお好きなものを使用してください。\n\n次に英文解釈です。質問者さんが英文解釈の勉強をどれだけしたかは存じ上げませんが、英文解釈の勉強こそ「精読」を勉強するということです。英文解釈をこれから意識して勉強してみてください。英語を俯瞰できるようになるのではないでしょうか。英文解釈の勉強は様々な参考書があるのでご自身のレベルに合ったものを使用してください。質問だけだと現在のレベルや、使用している参考書がわからないのでここでは敢えて触れないことにします。\n\nまたここからは解き方にフォーカスしていきます。「わからない単語が出てくると止まってしまう」とのことですが、問題文を読む際にわからない単語はガンガン飛ばしましょう。知っているか知らないかだけの話なのでウンウンとうなるだけ時間の無駄です。和訳問題でわからない単語が出てくるというのは厳しいことを言うと単に単語力不足かと思います。和訳問題は英文の構造を問うものなので、鬼畜な単語はあまり出ません。英文解釈の勉強でどうにでもなるのですが、単語がわからないと当たり前ですがジ・エンドですね。和訳以外の部分で出てくるわからない単語については問題を解いたあと、調べてください。そしてわからない単語を少しずつ減らしていきましょう。\n\n最後に、厳しいことをたくさん述べましたが、心から応援しています。本番まであと少しなので、体調に気をつけて最後まで諦めずに頑張ってください。ここまで読んでいただきありがとうございます。"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"flex 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0h24v24H0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M16.5 6v11.5c0 2.21-1.79 4-4 4s-4-1.79-4-4V5a2.5 2.5 0 0 1 5 0v10.5c0 .55-.45 1-1 1s-1-.45-1-1V6H10v9.5a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 5 0V5c0-2.21-1.79-4-4-4S7 2.79 7 5v12.5c0 3.04 2.46 5.5 5.5 5.5s5.5-2.46 5.5-5.5V6h-1.5z","children":[]}]]],"style":{"color":"$undefined"},"height":16,"width":16,"xmlns":"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs mr-2","children":1}],["$","svg",null,{"stroke":"currentColor","fill":"currentColor","strokeWidth":"0","viewBox":"0 0 24 24","className":"text-subPrimary mr-1","children":["$undefined",[["$","path","0",{"fill":"none","d":"M0 0h24v24H0z","children":[]}],["$","path","1",{"d":"M16.5 3c-1.74 0-3.41.81-4.5 2.09C10.91 3.81 9.24 3 7.5 3 4.42 3 2 5.42 2 8.5c0 3.78 3.4 6.86 8.55 11.54L12 21.35l1.45-1.32C18.6 15.36 22 12.28 22 8.5 22 5.42 19.58 3 16.5 3zm-4.4 15.55-.1.1-.1-.1C7.14 14.24 4 11.39 4 8.5 4 6.5 5.5 5 7.5 5c1.54 0 3.04.99 3.57 2.36h1.87C13.46 5.99 14.96 5 16.5 5c2 0 3.5 1.5 3.5 3.5 0 2.89-3.14 5.74-7.9 10.05z","children":[]}]]],"style":{"color":"$undefined"},"height":16,"width":16,"xmlns":"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs mr-2","children":1}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"text-xs rounded-lg border border-text px-4","children":"英語"}]]}]]}],["$","div",null,{"className":"ml-3","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"bg-caption w-20 h-20 rounded-sm overflow-hidden","children":["$","div",null,{"className":"w-full h-full 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